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Tomb of Empress Elisabeth of Austria; Credit – Susan Flantzer

September 10, 1167 – Death of Empress Matilda, Lady of the English, daughter of King Henry I of England, mother of King Henry II of England, at the Abbey of Notre Dame des Prés in Rouen, Duchy of Normandy, now in France; first buried at Bec Abbey in Bec-Hellouin, Duchy of Normandy, now in France, reburied in Rouen Cathedral in Rouen
Empress Matilda lived long enough to see her son Henry II firmly established on the English throne. She spent the rest of her life in the Duchy of Normandy, often acting as Henry’s representative and presiding over the government of the Duchy of Normandy. Matilda, aged about 65, died on September 10, 1167, in Rouen, Duchy of Normandy, now in France. She was buried before the high altar of the church at Bec Abbey in Bec-Hellouin. Her epitaph read: “Great by birth, greater by marriage, greatest in her offspring: here lies Matilda, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry”. Her tomb was damaged in a fire in 1263 and later restored in 1282, before being destroyed in 1421 by English mercenaries during the Hundred Years War between England and France. In 1684, some of her remains were found and reburied in a new coffin. Matilda’s remains were lost again after the destruction of the abbey church by Napoleon’s army but were found once more in 1846, and then reburied at Rouen Cathedral in Normandy, France.
Unofficial Royalty: Empress Matilda, Lady of the English

September 10, 1649 – Birth of Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Gotha, now in Thuringia, Germany
When Bernhard’s father died in 1675, instead of passing everything to his eldest son, he instead chose to divide his territory among his living sons. Each received part of the duchy and was expected to rule jointly – but under the authority – of the eldest son. Bernhard received Meiningen and the surrounding area. By 1680, the brothers had formally divided their lands, each becoming the ruler of the newly established duchies. Bernhard became the first reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. Having moved to Meiningen and taking up residence at the Meiningen Castle, Bernhard soon made plans to build a new official residence in the city. The Elisabethenburg Palace was built between 1682-1692 and was named for his second wife. In addition to the new palace, Bernhard also established a court orchestra in 1690, and the Schlosspark in 1692. Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen died in Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, now in Thuringia, Germany, on April 27, 1706. He is buried in the Castle Church at Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen.
Unofficial Royalty: Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

September 10, 1638 – Birth of Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of France, wife of King Louis XIV of France, at the Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial near Madrid, Spain
Maria Theresa was the daughter of King Felipe IV of Spain and his first wife Elisabeth of France, daughter of King Henri IV of France. As the Spanish monarchs at the time were part of the House of Habsburg, she was styled as Archduchess of Austria, as well as Infanta of Spain and Portugal. In 1660, Maria Theresa married King Louis XIV of France. Maria Theresa and Louis were first cousins twice over – his father and her mother were siblings, and his mother and her father were siblings. They had six children but only one son survived childhood.  Intensely private and devout, Maria Theresa was humiliated by her husband’s numerous and very public affairs and his seemingly countless illegitimate children.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of France

September 10, 1669 – Death of Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England, wife of King Charles I of England, at Château de Colombes in Colombes, France; buried at St. Denis Basilica near Paris, France
After her husband King Charles I was executed in 1649 and the monarchy was abolished, Henrietta Maria spent the years of the Commonwealth of England with her surviving children at the court of her nephew King Louis XIV.  In 1660, when the English monarchy was restored and her son King Charles II took the throne, Henrietta Maria returned to England, where she was known as the Queen Mother. Eventually, Henrietta Maria found life in England disagreeable and the climate damaging to her health, so she returned to France where she lived for a while in Paris at the Hôtel de la Bazinière, the present Hôtel de Chimay. She later lived at the Château de Colombes near Paris. It was there that Henrietta Maria died at the age of 59 from an overdose of opiates taken for pain on the advice of King Louis XIV’s doctor.
Unofficial Royalty: Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England

September 10, 1864 – Birth of Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe, Queen of Württemberg, second wife of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg, born at Schloss Ratiborschitz in Bohemia, now in the Czech Republic
Full name: Charlotte Marie Luise Ida Hermine Mathilde
22-years-old Charlotte married the then-Crown Prince Wilhelm of Württemberg in 1886. Wilhelm had been widowed four years earlier and had a young daughter. Despite hoping that this new marriage might produce a male heir, Charlotte and Wilhelm had no children of their own. In October 1891, Charlotte became Queen of Württemberg when her husband succeeded to the throne. Her husband would be the last King of Württemberg. When the monarchy came to an end in 1918, King Wilhelm II negotiated with the new German state to ensure that he and his wife would receive an annual income, as well as a residence for life – Schloss Bebenhausen.
Unofficial Royalty: Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe, Queen of Württemberg

September 10, 1898 – Stabbing death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, born Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, in Geneva, Switzerland; buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, Austria
On September 10, 1898, while walking to a ferry landing on Lake Geneva in Geneva, Switzerland with her lady-in-waiting, sixty-year-old Empress Elisabeth of Austria was stabbed in the heart by twenty-five-year-old Luigi Lucheni. The puncture wound was so small that it was initially not noticed and it was thought that Elisabeth had just been punched in the chest. Elisabeth thanked all the people who had rushed to help and conversed with her lady-in-waiting about the incident. Only when onboard the ferry did Elisabeth finally collapse and then the severity of Elisabeth’s injury was realized. The ferry captain ordered the ferry back to Geneva and the empress was taken back to the hotel on an improvised stretcher. A doctor and a priest were summoned. The doctor confirmed that there was no hope and a priest administered the Last Rites. Empress Elisabeth of Austria died without regaining consciousness.
Unofficial Royalty: Assassination of Empress Elisabeth of Austria
Unofficial Royalty: Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of Austria

September 10, 1948 – Death of former Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria in exile in Coburg, Germany; buried at St. Augustin’s Roman Catholic Church in Coburg, Germany
Born Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry, he was elected Knyaz (Prince) of Bulgaria in 1887. In 1908, Ferdinand elevated Bulgaria to a kingdom and became Tsar Ferdinand I. Much of the next ten years was consumed by the Balkan War and then World War I. On October 3, 1918, taking full responsibility for Bulgaria’s loss in World War I, Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his son Boris. Ferdinand settled in Coburg, where he devoted his time to his favorite pastimes, art, gardening, travel, and history. In 1943, his son Tsar Boris III died, and then in 1945, Ferdinand’s other son Kyril was executed. His young grandson Simeon was deposed in 1946, and the Bulgarian monarchy was abolished. Heartbroken at the loss of his family and his kingdom, Ferdinand died in Coburg. Unable to be buried in Bulgaria at the time, his remains were temporarily placed in the crypt of St. Augustine’s Church in Coburg, beside those of his parents. They remain there to this day.
Unofficial Royalty: Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria

September 10, 2006 – Death of King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV of Tonga at Mercy Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand; buried at Mala’e Kula, the royal cemetery, in Nuku’alofa, Tonga
In his youth, Tāufaʻāhau Tupou began competing in the pole vault, and by the age of fourteen, he held the Tonga pole vault record, a record that stood for many years. Upon graduating from university in Australia where he received both a bachelor’s degree and a law degree, Tāufaʻāhau Tupou returned to Tonga and began a career in government. His mother Queen Sālote appointed him Minister of Education in 1943, Minister of Health in 1944, and in 1949, he was appointed Prime Minister of Tonga, a position he held until he succeeded his mother and became King of Tonga in 1965.  88-year-old King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV of Tonga died at Mercy Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand. His funeral, which blended Christian and ancient Polynesian burial rites, was held on September 19, 2006, in the Tongan capital, Nukuʻalofa. Thousands of Tongans attended the funeral along with many foreign dignitaries.
Unofficial Royalty: King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV of Tonga

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