Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg in Brussels, Belgium

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2021

Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg; Credit – By EmDee – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17166498

The Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg is a Roman Catholic church in the Place Royale, a historic square near the center of Brussels, Belgium. It is named for Saint James the Greater, one of the twelve Apostles, who is styled “the Greater” to distinguish him from another Apostle, James “the Less”, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

It is the church with the first connection to the Belgian royal family. Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, stood on the cathedral steps when he took the oath that made him Leopold I, the first King of the Belgians on July 21, 1831. Since the reign of Albert I, King of the Belgians, most baptisms of monarchs’ children have occurred at the Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg. However, the christenings of the children of Philippe, King of the Belgians all took place in the chapel at Ciergnon Castle in Houyet, Namur, Belgium, one of the favorite summer residences of the Belgian royal family. Several funerals for members of the Belgian royal family have also taken place at the Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg. Located close to the Royal Palace of Brussels, the cathedral is the parish church of the Royal Palace.

The interior of the Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg; Credit – By IDD5000 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20251585

Originally the Saint-Jacques-sur-Coudenberg Abbey, an Augustinian abbey, was on the site of the present cathedral. During the development of the Place Royale between 1776 and 1781, the abbey was demolished and the Cathedral of Saint-Jacques-sur-Coudenberg was built. Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Governor of the Austrian Netherlands, laid the cornerstone on February 12, 1776. The Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg was the official church of the court of the Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands and served as an abbey church and a parish church.

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July 21, 1831: The Constitutional Oath of Leopold I, King of the Belgians

Leopold I, King of the Belgians takes the constitutional oath on the steps of the Cathedral of Saint-Jacques-sur-Coudenberg; Credit – Wikipedia

Belgium has been a country only since 1830. In August 1830, the southern provinces (modern-day Belgium) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands rebelled against Dutch rule. International powers meeting in London agreed to support the independence of Belgium, even though the Dutch refused to recognize the new country. On April 22, 1831, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, the uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was asked by the Belgian National Congress if he wanted to be king of the new country. Leopold swore allegiance to the new Belgian constitution on July 21, 1831, and became the first King of the Belgians. Each year July 21 is celebrated as Belgian National Day.

The accession ceremony took place at the Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg. A stand was erected on the cathedral steps surrounded by the names of revolutionaries who died in the Belgian Revolution. After remarks from government leaders and the reading of the entire Belgian Constitution, Leopold, dressed in the uniform of a Belgian lieutenant-general, took the constitutional oath, as stated at the time in Article 80 of the Belgian Constitution, in French: “Je jure d’observer la constitution et les lois du peuple belge, the maintenir l’indépendance nationale et l’intégrité du territoire.” (Translation: “I swear that I will abide by the Constitution and the laws of the Belgian people, maintain the country’s independence and preserve the integrity of the territory.”

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Royal Baptisms

The future Albert II, King of the Belgians being carried into the Cathedral of Saint Jacques-sur-Coudenberg for his baptism. He is followed by his father Leopold III, King of the Belgians and mother Queen Astrid, his elder sister Princess Joséphine-Charlotte and elder brother Prince Baudouin

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Royal Funerals

The coffin of King Leopold III of Belgium leaving the Cathedral of Saint-Jacques-sur-Coudenberg; Credit – https://royalwatcherblog.com/2018/10/06/funeral-of-king-leopold-iii-of-belgium-1983/

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  • Nl.wikipedia.org. 2021. Intrede van Leopold I in België – Wikipedia. [online] Available at: <https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrede_van_Leopold_I_in_Belgi%C3%AB> [Accessed 18 July 2021].
  • Nl.wikipedia.org. 2021. Sint-Jacob-op-Koudenberg – Wikipedia. [online] Available at: <https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-Jacob-op-Koudenberg> [Accessed 18 July 2021].
  • Paroisse-militaire-saint-jacques-sur-coudenberg.be. 2021. Eglise Saint-Jacques-sur-Coudenberg | Paroisse royale – Cathédrale du diocèse aux forces armées. [online] Available at: <https://paroisse-militaire-saint-jacques-sur-coudenberg.be/fr/accueil/> [Accessed 18 July 2021].