Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Grand Duchy of Baden: In 1738, ten-year-old, Karl Friedrich succeeded as Margrave of Baden-Durlach upon his grandfather’s death. Baden-Durlach was one of the branches of the Margraviate of Baden, which had been divided several times over the previous 500 years. When August George, the last Margrave of Baden-Baden, died in 1771 without heirs, Karl Friedrich inherited the territory. This brought all of the Baden territories together once again, and Karl Friedrich became Margrave of Baden. Upon the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Karl Friedrich declared himself sovereign, as Grand Duke of the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden. Friedrich II, the last Grand Duke of Baden formally abdicated the throne of Baden on November 22, 1918. The land that encompassed the Grand Duchy of Baden is now located in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden – source: Wikipedia

Grand Duke Leopold was born on August 29, 1790, in Karlsruhe, Margraviate of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, the eldest son of Karl Friedrich, Margrave (later Grand Duke) of Baden and his second wife, Luise Karoline, Baroness Geyer von Geyersberg. He had four siblings:

  • Prince Wilhelm (1792-1859) – married Alexandrine of Württemberg, had issue
  • Prince Friedrich Alexander (born and died 1793) – died in infancy
  • Princess Amalie (1795-1869) – married Karl Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg, had issue
  • Prince Maximilian (1796-1882) – unmarried

He also had four half-siblings from his father’s first marriage to Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt:

As his parents’ marriage was morganatic, Leopold and his siblings were not titled as Prince/Princess of Baden, nor were they initially in the line of succession. They were styled as Baron/Baroness of Hochberg, and later as Count/Countess of Hochberg. Leopold’s father had always intended that his younger children would be eligible for succession if there were no heirs left from his elder sons. But it wasn’t until 1817 that the Hochberg children were raised to Prince and Margrave of Baden and formally given succession rights by the government the following year.

Sofia of Sweden. source: Wikipedia

On July 25, 1819, Leopold married Princess Sofia of Sweden, the daughter of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Friederike of Baden, and the granddaughter of his elder half-brother Karl Ludwig of Baden.

They had eight children:

Leopold became Grand Duke of Baden on March 30, 1830, upon the death of his unmarried brother Ludwig I. He was the first of the Hochberg line to rule in Baden and held the throne for just over 22 years. Grand Duke Leopold died in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany,  on April 24, 1852. He was buried in the Karlsruhe Stadtkirche, and after World War II, his remains were moved to the Grand Ducal Chapel in the Pheasant Garden in Karlsruhe.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden

by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Grand Duchy of Baden: In 1738, ten-year-old, Karl Friedrich succeeded as Margrave of Baden-Durlach upon his grandfather’s death. Baden-Durlach was one of the branches of the Margraviate of Baden, which had been divided several times over the previous 500 years. When August George, the last Margrave of Baden-Baden, died in 1771 without heirs, Karl Friedrich inherited the territory. This brought all of the Baden territories together once again, and Karl Friedrich became Margrave of Baden. Upon the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Karl Friedrich declared himself sovereign, as Grand Duke of the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden. Friedrich II, the last Grand Duke of Baden formally abdicated the throne of Baden on November 22, 1918. The land that encompassed the Grand Duchy of Baden is now located in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden. source: Wikipedia

Ludwig I was the third Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1818 until 1830. He was born in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on February 9, 1763, the third son of Karl Friedrich, Margrave of Baden (later Grand Duke), and Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt. He had three siblings:

From his father’s second marriage to Baroness Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersburg (later Countess of Hochberg), he also had five half-siblings:

As the third son, there was little expectation that Ludwig would succeed to the throne. He pursued a military career from a young age, serving in the Prussian forces, and was recognized for his bravery in battle during the War of the First Coalition. He left the Prussian military in 1795, returning to Baden to assist his father, the reigning Margrave at that time. He participated in the negotiations with Napoléon Bonaparte and attended his crowning in 1804. Ludwig also served as Minister of War and was responsible for Baden’s financial and forestry administration. Despite being friendly with Napoléon, the Emperor soon pushed Ludwig out of his positions with the Baden government, and after criticizing him publicly in 1808, was stripped of his military leadership and banished to Schloss Salem in 1810. He would not return to Baden for several years.

Ludwig became Grand Duke upon his nephew’s death on December 8, 1818. He worked to promote the grand duchy’s development and to strengthen the military forces. He also established several universities and churches.

Ludwig never married, but he did have several illegitimate children. He had a long relationship with Katharina Werner, an actress and dancer nearly 35 years younger than him. They met in 1816 when Katharina was just sixteen and Ludwig nearly 51. This relationship resulted in three children – Luise (1817), Ludwig Wilhelm August (1820), and Luise Katharina (1825). In 1827, Ludwig created Katharina Countess of Langenstein and Gondelsheim, and there were rumors that the two had married morganatically, but no proof exists. Their youngest daughter married the Swedish Count Carl Douglas in 1848, and their son founded the Baden line of Douglas-Langenstein (named when he took Langenstein Castle as his main residence in the early 1900s).

Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden.source: Wikipedia

Grand Duke Ludwig I died in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on March 30, 1830, after suffering a stroke, and was buried in the Karlsruhe Stadtkirche.  After World War II, his remains were moved to the Grand Ducal Chapel in the Pheasant Garden in Karlsruhe. As he had no legitimate heirs, the throne passed to his half-uncle, Leopold I.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden source: Wikipedia

Stéphanie de Beauharnais was the first Grand Duchess of Baden, through her marriage to Grand Duke Karl I. She was born at the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France on August 28, 1789, the daughter of Claude de Beauharnais and Claudine Françoise de Lézay-Marnézia. Stéphanie had one older brother, Albéric (born in 1787), who died in childhood. She also had a younger half-sister from her father’s second marriage – Josephine de Beauharnais (1803). The Beauharnais family soon found themselves under the patronage of the French Emperor Napoléon I. Napoleon’s wife, Joséphine, had previously been married to Stéphanie’s father’s cousin, Alexandre François Marie, Viscount of Beauharnais who had been executed during the French Revolution.

After her mother died in 1791, Stéphanie was placed in the Convent of Penthemont by her godmother and later moved to southern France with two nuns. When Napoléon learned of her existence, he brought her to Paris and placed her under the care of his wife Joséphine. After becoming Emperor in 1804, Napoléon sought to strengthen alliances with several of the European dynasties by arranging several marriages of his extended family. One of these marriages was between Stéphanie and Hereditary Prince Karl, the grandson, and heir of the Elector of Baden. In 1806, Napoléon brought Stéphanie to the Imperial Court and adopted her, elevating her to an Imperial Highness and French Princess.

Karl of Baden. source: Wikipedia

Stéphanie and Karl married in a lavish ceremony held in Paris on April 8, 1806. The bride was not interested in her new husband and refused to spend time with him. Upon returning to Baden, they lived separately for several years. Stéphanie was largely shunned by the Grand Ducal court. After several years, with the Grand Duke’s health declining, she and her husband finally came together, accepting their responsibility to provide heirs to the throne. Over the next seven years, they had five children:

Her husband became Grand Duke of Baden just days after Stéphanie gave birth to her first child. As the previous Grand Duke had been widowed before the Grand Duchy was proclaimed, Stéphanie was the first Grand Duchess. Never immensely popular, her position weakened even further after the death of Emperor Napoléon in 1814.

When her husband died in 1818, Stéphanie moved with her surviving daughters to Mannheim Palace where she focused on providing them with a proper education and finding suitable husbands. Through these marriages, Stéphanie’s descendants include the former Kings of Romania and Yugoslavia, and the royal families of Belgium, Luxembourg, and Monaco.

Having survived her husband by more than 41 years, the Dowager Grand Duchess of Baden died in Nice, France on January 29, 1860. Her remains were returned to Baden and she was buried alongside her husband in St. Michael’s Church in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Karl, Grand Duke of Baden

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Grand Duchy of Baden: In 1738, ten-year-old, Karl Friedrich succeeded as Margrave of Baden-Durlach upon his grandfather’s death. Baden-Durlach was one of the branches of the Margraviate of Baden, which had been divided several times over the previous 500 years. When August George, the last Margrave of Baden-Baden, died in 1771 without heirs, Karl Friedrich inherited the territory. This brought all of the Baden territories together once again, and Karl Friedrich became Margrave of Baden. Upon the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Karl Friedrich declared himself sovereign, as Grand Duke of the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden. Friedrich II, the last Grand Duke of Baden formally abdicated the throne of Baden on November 22, 1918. The land that encompassed the Grand Duchy of Baden is now located in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Karl, Grand Duke of Baden – source: Wikipedia

Karl, Grand Duke of Baden, reigned from 1811 until 1818. He was born Karl Ludwig Friedrich at Karlsruhe Palace in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany on July 8, 1786, the son of Karl Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Baden and Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Karl had seven siblings:

Upon his father’s death in 1801, Karl became heir-apparent to his grandfather Karl Friedrich, Margrave of Baden. Over the next five years, Baden would become an Electorate and then a Grand Duchy in 1806.

Stéphanie de Beauharnais; Credit – Wikipedia

On April 8, 1806, Karl married Stéphanie de Beauharnais, the daughter of Claude de Beauharnais and Claudine Françoise de Lézay-Marnézia. She was also the adopted daughter of the French Emperor Napoléon I. Napoléon, wanting to secure an alliance with the Electorate of Baden, arranged for the marriage, despite neither Karl nor Stéphanie wanting to marry each other. For several years, the two lived separately, and it wasn’t until Karl’s grandfather was nearing death that they came together and began a family.

They had five children:

Karl became Grand Duke upon his grandfather’s death in 1811. In 1817, with no living male heirs, and only one unmarried uncle to succeed him, Karl formally gave dynastic rights to his half-uncles – the sons of his grandfather from his second, morganatic, marriage. This kept the Grand Ducal throne of Baden from passing to Karl’s brother-in-law, the King of Bavaria. In 1818, Karl oversaw the passing of a new and much more liberal constitution.

Grand Duke Karl died at Schloss Rastatt in Rastatt, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on December 8, 1818. He is buried in St. Michael’s Church in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As he had no male heirs, the throne of Baden passed to his uncle, Ludwig I. However, his descendants include the former Kings of Romania and Yugoslavia, the Belgian royal family, the Luxembourg grand ducal family, and the Monaco princely family.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg, Countess of Hochberg

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg, Countess of Hochberg; Credit – Wikipedia

Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg was the morganatic second wife of the future Grand Duke Karl Friedrich of Baden. She was born in Karlsruhe, Margraviate of Baden, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, on May 26, 1768, to Ludwig, Baron Geyer von Geyersberg and Maximiliana, Countess of Sponeck. Her godparents were her future husband Karl Friedrich and his first wife Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Luise Karoline received a private school education in the free imperial city of Colmar, and later served as a lady-in-waiting to the Hereditary Princess of Baden, the daughter-in-law of her future husband.

Karl Friedrich of Baden. source: Wikipedia

On November 24, 1787, Luise Karoline married Karl Friedrich, then Margrave of Baden, as his second wife. Together they had five children:

At the time of the marriage, Karl Friedrich created Luise Karoline Baroness of Hochberg, and their children were not included in the line of succession. However, in 1796, Karl Friedrich decreed, with the agreement of his sons from his first marriage, that his sons with Luise Karoline would be eligible for the throne should there be no heirs from his first marriage. In 1799, the Holy Roman Emperor Franz II elevated Luise Karoline to Countess of Hochberg, retroactively to 1796. In 1817, Karl Friedrich and Luise Karoline’s children were elevated to Prince/Princess of Baden, and in the following year, the Baden Congress formally confirmed their succession rights.

Luise Karoline, Countess of Hochberg died in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany on June 23, 1820. She was buried at St. Michael’s Church in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany along with her husband. Ten years after her death, her eldest son Leopold, became the fourth reigning Grand Duke of Baden.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

October 1917: Royalty and World War I

by Susan Flantzer

  • Captain The Honorable Patrick Julian Harry Stanley Ogilvy
  • Timeline: October 1, 1917 – October 31, 1917
  • A Note About German Titles
  • October 1917 – Royals/Nobles/Peers/Sons of Peers Who Died In Action

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Captain The Honorable Patrick Julian Harry Stanley Ogilvy

Grave of Captain The Honorable Patrick Julian Harry Stanley Ogilvy on the right; Photo Credit – www.findagrave.com

Captain The Honourable Patrick Julian Harry Stanley Ogilvy was born June 26, 1896, at Cortachy Castle in Kirriemuir, Scotland. He was the third of the three sons and the youngest of the six children of David Ogilvy, 11th Earl of Airlie and Lady Mabell Gore,  daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran  Some royalty aficionados may recognize the name Ogilvy. Patrick was the paternal uncle of The Honourable Sir Agnus Ogilvy who married Princess Alexandra of Kent, the granddaughter of King George V and the first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.

Patrick had three elder sisters and two elder brothers:

  • Lady Kitty Ogilvy (1887 – 1969), married (1) Brig.-Gen. Sir Berkeley Vincent, had two children who both died young in 1914, divorced 1925 (2) Lt.-Col. Ralph Gerald Ritson, no children
  • Lady Helen Ogilvy (1890 – 1973), married (1) Major Hon. Clement Ogilvy Freeman-Mitford, had two daughters (2) Lt.-Col. Henry Brocklehurst, had one son, divorced 1931 (3) Lt.-Col. Harold Nutting, no children
  • Lady Mabell Ogilvy (1892 – 1918), unmarried
  • David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie (1893 – 1968), married Lady Alexandra Coke, had six children including The Honourable Sir Agnus Ogilvy who married Princess Alexandra of Kent
  • The Honorable Bruce Arthur Ashley Ogilvy (1895 – 1976), married Primrose O’Brien, no children

When Patrick was four-years-old, his father 44-year-old David Ogilvy, 11th Earl of Airlie was killed in action at the Battle of Diamond Hill in Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa on June 11, 1900, during the Second Boer War. The 11th Ear of Airlie was succeeded by his seven-year-old son David who became the 12th Earl of Airlie.

Patrick was educated at Wellington College, a boarding and day independent school located in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. Many former Wellington students fought in the trenches during World War I right after finishing school, volunteering for military action. 707 of them, including Patrick, lost their lives. After Patrick finished Wellington, he matriculated in 1914 at Christ Church, Oxford.  However, on October 6, 1914, two months after the start of World War I, 18-year-old Patrick enlisted and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Irish Guards.

The Irish Guards going up a communication trench. Elverdinghe, July 30, 1917; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

Patrick fought in the Battle of the Somme in Belgium, one of the bloodiest battles in human history. On September 25, 1916, he was awarded the Military Cross which is awarded for “an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land to all members, of any rank in Our Armed Forces”. Patrick’s commendation read: “For conspicuous gallantry in action. He led his company with great dash, and, on reaching the final objective, was the senior officer in the front line. He dealt with a difficult situation with great skill and determination, consolidating his position, and getting into touch with the battalions on his flanks. All this was carried out under heavy shellfire.” On July 22, 1917, Patrick was promoted to the rank of Captain.

Military Cross from 1916; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

The Battle of Passchendaele,  also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was a campaign of World War I, fought by the Allies against the German Empire on the Western Front in Belgium from July to November 1917. To commemorate the centenary, King Philippe and Queen Mathilde of Belgium, The Prince of Wales, The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, and Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence (husband of The Princess Royal) attended commemorations for the bloody battle on July 30-31, 2017 in Ypres, Belgium. An estimated half a million soldiers from both sides were killed or wounded.

Embed from Getty Images 

During the Battle of Passchendaele, on October 9, 1917, 21-year-old Captain The Honourable Patrick Ogilvy was commanding No.1 Company of the 1st Irish Guard. During the previous night, Patrick and his men had marched through rain, mud, and crossed a river through three feet of water. Their objective was to reach the edge of the Houthulst Forest. There were some casualties from snipers in shell holes and enemy aircraft soared above them. The sniping got worse as the officers tried to form a flank on the right. Casualties among the officers were particularly heavy as they were conspicuous in organizing their men. Help from a counterattack never came. Eventually, a battalion of the Hampshires came up on the right. The Hampshires and the Irish Guards dug in as best they could and spent the night in the open among the shell holes, under constant artillery and sniper attack.  Every company commander was killed or wounded. Patrick was one of those who was killed.

Captain The Honorable Patrick Ogilvy was buried at the Cement House Cemetery, a British military cemetery in the Belgian village of Langemark.

Cement House Cemetery; Photo Credit – Door Wernervc – Eigen werk, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30314761

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Timeline: October 1, 1917 – October 31, 1917

The morning after the First Battle of Passchendaele, a sunburst through the clouds is shown against a landscape of destroyed land with a shell hole in the foreground; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

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A Note About German Titles

Many German royals and nobles died in World War I. The German Empire consisted of 27 constituent states, most of them ruled by royal families. Scroll down to German Empire here to see what constituent states made up the German Empire.  The constituent states retained their own governments, but had limited sovereignty. Some had their own armies, but the military forces of the smaller ones were put under Prussian control. In wartime, armies of all the constituent states would be controlled by the Prussian Army and the combined forces were known as the Imperial German Army.  German titles may be used in Royals Who Died In Action below. Refer to Unofficial Royalty: Glossary of German Noble and Royal Titles.

24 British peers were also killed in World War I and they will be included in the list of those who died in action. In addition, more than 100 sons of peers also lost their lives, and those that can be verified will also be included.

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October 1917 – Royals/Nobles/Peers/Sons of Peers Who Died In Action

The list is in chronological order and does contain some who would be considered noble instead of royal. The links in the last bullet for each person is that person’s genealogical information from Leo’s Genealogics Website. http://www.genealogics.org/index.php or to The Peerage website http://www.thepeerage.com If a person has a Wikipedia page or a website page with biographical information, their name will be linked to that page.

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Photo Credit – https://livesofthefirstworldwar.org

2nd Lieutenant The Honourable Denis Bertram Sydney Buxton

Note: Denis Bertram Sydney Buxton, was the third, but the only surviving, son of Viscount Buxton, later 1st Earl Buxton. Because the Earl’s three sons predeceased him, his titles became extinct upon his death.

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Captain The Honourable Patrick Julian Harry Stanley Ogilvy
(see article above)

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Private The Honorable Michael Francis Stafford Howard

Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing; Photo Credit – http://www.cwgc.org

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Captain The Honorable Henry Simon Feilding

Note: His elder brother Lieutenant Commander The Honorable Hugh Cecil Robert Feilding was killed in action on May 31, 1916, age 29, when the HMS Defence sunk during the Battle of Jutland in the North Sea with the loss of all men on board.

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Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt, Margravine of Baden

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt, Margravine of Baden; source: Wikipedia

Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt was the first wife of Karl Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, who would later become the first Grand Duke of Baden. She was born in Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, now in Hesse, Germany, on July 11, 1723, the youngest child of Ludwig VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Charlotte, Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg. Karoline Luise had two older siblings:

After her mother’s death when Karoline Luise was just three, she was raised in Buchsweiler by her father. A very talented child, she learned to speak five languages and developed a love for the arts. As an adult, she maintained a correspondence with Voltaire and worked to establish Karlsruhe as one of the cultural centers of Europe, often hosting noted writers and musicians. A talented artist and musician, Karoline Luise was a member of Baden’s court orchestra and the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. In addition to her artistic interests, she was also a student of the natural sciences and had a laboratory in Karlsruhe where she often conducted experiments. Her numerous collections, including artwork, musical manuscripts, minerals, and other natural history artifacts, later formed the foundation for several museums in Karlsruhe.

Karl Friedrich of Baden. source: Wikipedia

Karoline Luise married Karl Friedrich on January 28, 1751, in Darmstadt. Together they had five children:

Titled Margravine of Baden-Durlach from her marriage, she became Margravine of Baden in October 1771 when Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden were reunited as one Margraviate.

After falling down some stairs in 1779, her health began to deteriorate. While in Paris, France with her son, she suffered a stroke on April 8, 1783, and died. She is buried in St. Michael’s Church in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

Grand Duchy of Baden: In 1738, ten-year-old, Karl Friedrich succeeded as Margrave of Baden-Durlach upon his grandfather’s death. Baden-Durlach was one of the branches of the Margraviate of Baden, which had been divided several times over the previous 500 years. When August George, the last Margrave of Baden-Baden, died in 1771 without heirs, Karl Friedrich inherited the territory. This brought all of the Baden territories together once again, and Karl Friedrich became Margrave of Baden. Upon the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Karl Friedrich declared himself sovereign, as Grand Duke of the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden. Friedrich II, the last Grand Duke of Baden formally abdicated the throne of Baden on November 22, 1918. The land that encompassed the Grand Duchy of Baden is now located in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden – source: Wikipedia

Karl Friedrich was the first Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1806 until 1811. He was born in Karlsruhe, Margraviate of Baden-Durlach, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany on November 22, 1728, the son of Hereditary Prince Friedrich of Baden-Durlach and Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz. Karl Friedrich had one younger brother:

  • Wilhelm Ludwig (1732 – 1788), married Wilhelmine Christine Schortmann morganatically, had issue

In 1738, at just ten years old, Karl Friedrich succeeded as Margrave of Baden-Durlach upon his grandfather’s death. Baden-Durlach was one of the branches of the ancient Margraviate of Baden, which had been divided several times over the previous 500 years. When the last Margrave of Baden-Baden, August Georg, died in 1771 without heirs, Karl Friedrich inherited the territory. This brought all the Baden territories together and Karl Friedrich became Margrave of Baden.

Baden’s domains were widespread, and Karl Friedrich made it his mission to try and gain some of the territory in between. When he joined forces with Austria in the war with France in 1792, Baden had to give up his territories on the left bank of the Rhine to France. A few years later, fighting along with the Russians against Napoleon, he was able to expand Baden, and the Margraviate was elevated to an Electorate within the Holy Roman Emperor.

Karl Friedrich further expanded Baden in 1805, when he fought on the side of the French, gaining territories from the Austrian Empire. In 1806, he joined the Confederation of the Rhine, and upon the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Karl Friedrich declared himself sovereign, as Grand Duke of the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden. He continued to support the French, and in the Peace of Vienna in 1809, he gained more territory from the Kingdom of Württemberg. Through his efforts, Karl Friedrich had quadrupled the size of the Grand Duchy of Baden by the end of his reign.

Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt. source: Wikipedia

Karl Friedrich was married twice. His first wife was Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt, who he married on January 28, 1751. She was the daughter of Ludwig VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg. Karl Friedrich and Karoline Luise had four children:

Luise Karoline, Baroness Geyer von Geyersberg. source: Wikipedia

Following Karoline Luise’s death in 1783, Karl Friedrich married again – morganatically – on November 24, 1787. His bride was Luise Karoline, Baroness Geyer von Geyersberg. She was created Baroness of Hochberg – and later Countess of Hochberg – a title which would pass to their five children, Years later, in 1817, the children from this marriage were given succession rights and were elevated to Prince/Princess of Baden.

At the age of 82, Grand Duke Karl Friedrich I on June 10, 1811, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. He was buried in St. Michael’s Church in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Baden Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Hereditary Prince Jacques of Monaco, Marquis of Baux

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

2023

Hereditary Prince Jacques of Monaco, Marquis of Baux is the younger of the twin children of Prince Albert II of Monaco and his wife Princess Charlene (born Charlene Wittstock). Jacques was born on December 10, 2014, two minutes after his twin sister Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès at The Princess Grace Hospital Centre in Monaco. Jacques is first in the line of succession to the throne of Monaco. Because the succession to the throne is male-preference cognatic primogeniture, Jacques is ahead of his sister Gabriella in the line of succession even though she was born first.

 

Jacques has an elder half-sister and an elder half-brother from Prince Albert’s previous relationships. Prince Albert said his two children born out of wedlock would not be in line to the Monegasque throne but would be taken care of financially.

 

Jacques was baptized along with his twin sister Gabriella at the Cathedral of Monaco in Monaco by Bernard Barsi, Archbishop of Monaco on May 10, 2015. He was given the names Jacques Honoré Rainier:

  • Jacques: in honor of Prince Jacques I of Monaco and it is a common name in Princess Charlene’s homeland Zimbabwe
  • Honoré: the name of five Sovereign Princes of Monaco
  • Rainier: in honor of his paternal grandfather Prince Rainier III of Monaco

Jacques’ godparents were Christopher Le Vine Jr., a maternal first cousin of Prince Albert and Diane de Polignac Nigra, a paternal first cousin once removed of Prince Albert. Jacques and Gabriella wore Baby Dior cotton christening gowns embellished with Calais lace, floral embroidery, pleated detailing, and each baby’s own monogram.

In 2018, Prince Jacques and his twin sister Princess Gabriella began to attend La Petite Ecole, a private preschool in Port Hercule, Monaco. From 2019 – 2021, they attended Stella School, a public school in the district of Condamine in Monaco. In the fall of 2021, they began to attend L’Institution François d’Assise-Nicolas Barré (link in French) a private Catholic school.

Gabriella and Jacques with their parents, 2022

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Principality of Monaco Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Beauty, H., Film, T., Kate, W. and Beauty, H. (2017). Princess Charlene and Prince Albert’s twins Princess Gabriella and Prince Jacques are baptised. [online] HOLA. Available at: http://us.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2015051025113/princess-charlene-prince-albert-twins-baptism/ [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].
  • En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Monaco [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].
  • Fr.wikipedia.org. (2017). Jacques de Monaco. [online] Available at: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Monaco [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].
  • Orderofsplendor.blogspot.com. (2017). Royal Fashion Awards: Monaco’s Twin Christening. [online] Available at: http://orderofsplendor.blogspot.com/2015/05/royal-fashion-awards-monacos-twin.html [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].

Princess Gabriella of Monaco, Countess of Carladès

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2017

2023

Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès is the elder of the twin children of Prince Albert II of Monaco and his wife Princess Charlene (born Charlene Wittstock). Gabriella was born on December 10, 2014, two minutes before her twin brother Hereditary Prince Jacques of Monaco, Marquis of Baux at The Princess Grace Hospital Centre in Monaco. Gabriella is second in the line of succession to the throne of Monaco. Because the succession to the throne is male-preference cognatic primogeniture, Gabriella’s brother Jacques is ahead of her in the line of succession even though she was born first.

 

Gabriella has an elder half-sister and an elder half-brother from Prince Albert’s previous relationships. Prince Albert said his two children born out of wedlock would not be in line to the Monegasque throne, but that they would be taken care of financially.

 

Gabriella was baptized along with her twin brother Jacques at the Cathedral of Monaco in Monaco by Bernard Barsi, Archbishop of Monaco on May 10, 2015. She was given the names Gabriella Thérèse Marie:

Gabriella’s godparents were Gareth Wittstock, her maternal uncle, and Nerine Pienaar, the wife of retired South African rugby player Francois Pienaar, a longtime friend of Princess Charlene. Gabriella and Jacques wore Baby Dior cotton christening gowns embellished with Calais lace, floral embroidery, pleated detailing, and each baby’s own monogram.

Gabriella and Jacques with their parents, 2022

In 2018, Princess Gabriella and her twin brother began to attend La Petite Ecole, a private preschool institution in Port Hercule, Monaco. From 2019 – 2021, they attended Stella School, a public school in the district of Condamine in Monaco. In the fall of 2021, they began to attend L’Institution François d’Assise-Nicolas Barré (link in French) a private Catholic school.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Beauty, H., Film, T., Kate, W. and Beauty, H. (2017). Princess Charlene and Prince Albert’s twins Princess Gabriella and Prince Jacques are baptised. [online] HOLA. Available at: http://us.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2015051025113/princess-charlene-prince-albert-twins-baptism/ [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].
  • En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Gabriella,_Countess_of_Carlad%C3%A8s [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].
  • Fr.wikipedia.org. (2017). Gabriella de Monaco. [online] Available at: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriella_de_Monaco [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].
  • Orderofsplendor.blogspot.com. (2017). Royal Fashion Awards: Monaco’s Twin Christening. [online] Available at: http://orderofsplendor.blogspot.com/2015/05/royal-fashion-awards-monacos-twin.html [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017].