Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia; Credit – Wikipedia

Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was an aunt to both Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Born Juliane Henriette Ulrike on September 23, 1781, in Coburg, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, now in the German state of Bavaria, she was the third daughter of Franz Friedrich Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Auguste of Reuss-Ebersdorf.

Juliane had eight siblings:

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1795, Catherine II (the Grea), Empress of All Russia sent Count Andrei Budberg on a visit to the royal courts of Europe, secretly searching for a potential bride for her grandson Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia. Konstantin was the second son of the future Paul I, Emperor of  All Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, and younger brother of the future Alexander I, Emperor of All Russia.

While traveling, Budberg became ill and stopped in Coburg where he was treated by Baron Stockmar, the Coburg court’s physician. Stockmar learned of the general’s ‘mission’, and suggested the daughters of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Once the prospect of a Coburg bride was approved by Catherine the Great, Juliane and her two elder sisters, accompanied by their mother, traveled to Saint Petersburg in August 1795. After several weeks, Konstantin chose Juliane, and the two became engaged.

In early February 1796, Juliane was baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church and took the name Anna Feodorovna. Just weeks later, on February 26, 1796, she and Konstantin were married. The marriage was unhappy from the beginning and they had no children. From most accounts, Konstantin was forced into marrying and had no real interest in Juliane. Both were still teenagers, had little in common, and Konstantin was focused solely on his military career. He was also known to be quite violent toward her. Extremely jealous, particularly of his elder brother Alexander, Konstantin would not allow Juliane to leave her rooms unless he was accompanying her. Her only friend at the Russian court was her sister-in-law, the former Luise of Baden.

In 1799, Juliane left Russia under the auspices of medical treatment but was soon forced to return. After her father-in-law Paul I was assassinated in 1801, she once again found an opportunity to leave. Later that year, her mother came to Russia to accompany Juliane to Coburg to recover from ill health. Upon arriving home in Coburg, she refused to return to Russia and soon began negotiating for a divorce. However, the Russian court would not allow a formal end to the marriage.

Although still technically married, Juliane had several affairs, two of which resulted in the birth of children. In October 1808, she gave birth to a son, Eduard Edgar Schmidt-Löwe. The father was believed to be French nobleman  Jules de Seigneux but some believe the father was Emperor Alexander I. Ten years later, Juliane’s brother Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha elevated Eduard to the nobility and gave him the surname ‘von Löwenfels’. After moving to Bern, Switzerland, Juliane gave birth to a second child, a daughter named Louise Hilda, in 1812. The father was Rodolphe de Schiferli, a Swiss doctor and professor who served as chamberlain of Juliane’s household for over twenty years. To avoid further scandal, the baby was adopted.

The mansion house at Elfenau. photo: Von RicciSpeziari – photo uploaded by User:RicciSpeziari. Photographer: Riccardo Speziari, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5608824

In 1814, after refusing an offer of reconciliation from her husband, Juliane purchased an estate in Bern, Switzerland along the banks of the Aare River. She named the property Elfenau, and it became her home for the rest of her life. Here she entertained musicians and artists from around Europe and hosted numerous foreign diplomats. Finally, in 1820, her marriage to Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia was formally annulled by Emperor Alexander I. Several years later, in 1835, her son Eduard married his cousin Bertha von Schauenstein. She was the illegitimate daughter of Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and therefore a half-sibling to Prince Albert, who married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Juliane, as painted by Winterhalter in 1848. source: Wikipedia

Anna Feodorovna, the former Princess Juliane, died at her home Elfenau in Bern, Switzerland on August 15, 1860. She is buried there, with a simple marble stone inscribed with just her name – ‘Julia-Anna’ – and the years of her birth and death.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl
© Unofficial Royalty 2018

Duchy of Anhalt: Leopold IV Friedrich, the first Duke of Anhalt inherited three duchies: the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau from his grandfather, the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen from a distant cousin, and the Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg from another distant cousin. The three duchies were united as the Duchy of Anhalt on August 30, 1863.

Joachim Ernst was the last Duke of Anhalt. He came to the throne in September 1918 when he was 17-years-old. As he was underage, his father’s brother Prince Aribert of Anhalt served as Regent. With the German Empire crumbling at the end of World War I, Aribert abdicated on Joachim Ernst’s behalf on November 12, 1918. Today the territory that encompassed the Duchy of Anhalt is in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

********************

Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt; Credit – Wikipedia

Joachim Ernst, the last reigning Duke of Anhalt, reigned for just two months before the end of the German Empire. He was born Prince Joachim Ernst Wilhelm Karl Albrecht Leopold Friedrich Moritz Erdmann on January 11, 1901, at Ballenstedt Castle in Ballenstedt, Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, the son of Eduard, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg.

Joachim Ernst had five siblings:

  • Princess Friederike (born and died 1896) – died in infancy
  • Prince Leopold (1897-1898) – died in infancy
  • Princess Marie-Auguste (1898-1983) – married Prince Joachim of Prussia, had issue
  • Prince Eugen (1903-1980) – married Anastasia Jungmeier, had issue
  • Prince Wolfgang (19121936) – unmarried

Prince Aribert, Regent of Anhalt. source: Wikipedia

Joachim Ernst became Duke upon his father’s death in September 1918. As he was underage, his father’s brother Prince Aribert of Anhalt served as Regent. With the German Empire crumbling, Aribert abdicated on Joachim Ernst’s behalf on November 12, 1918.

Joachim Ernst with one of his wives; Credit – Wikipedia

Joachim Ernst married twice. His first marriage was to actress Elisabeth Strickrodt at Ballenstedt Castle on March 3, 1927. The marriage was morganatic, and she was given the title Countess of Askanien. They divorced in 1929. His second marriage, on October 15, 1929, was to Edda-Charlotte von Stephani-Marwitz. They had five children:

  • Princess Alexandra (1930-1993) – married (1) Karl-Heinz Guttmann, divorced; (2) Max Riederer, divorced
  • Princess Anna Luise (1933-2003) – married Thomas Birch, divorced
  • Friedrich, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt (1938-1963) – unmarried, died from injuries received in a car accident
  • Princess Edda (born 1940) – married Albert Darboven
  • Eduard, Prince of Anhalt (born 1941) – married Corinne Krönlein, had issue

Joachim Ernst spent his post-abdication life at Ballenstedt Castle, where he raised his family and became a trained agricultural and forestry farmer. Always at odds with the Nazis, he was arrested in 1944 and imprisoned at the Dachau Concentration Camp for three months. He was arrested again in September 1945 – this time by the Soviets – and was sent to the NKVD Special Camp No. 2 at the former Buchenwald Concentration Camp.

Memorial tomb at Ballenstedt Castle. photo: by Migebert – Own Work, CC-BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63354843

The former Duke of Anhalt died at the camp on February 18, 1947, and his remains were thrown into a mass grave. Sixty years later, on February 18, 2007, a memorial service was held on the grounds of Buchenwald, and an urn of earth was removed from the burial ground there. The Duke’s family buried the urn at the Röhrkopf Hunting Lodge in Ballenstedt. After the hunting lodge was sold in 2011, the stone and urn were moved to the edge of the courtyard at Ballenstedt Castle in Ballenstedt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany where they remain today.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Feodora of Leiningen, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Feodora of Leiningen, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg; Credit – Wikipedia

Princess Feodora was the elder half-sister of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She was born Princess Anna Feodora Auguste Charlotte Wilhelmine of Leiningen on December 7, 1807, in Amorbach, Principality of Leiningen, now in Bavaria, Germany, the daughter of Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen and Princess Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Feodora had one older brother:

Feodora had an elder half-brother from her father’s first marriage to Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg:

  • Prince Friedrich (1793 – 1800) – died in childhood

She also had a younger half-sister from her mother’s second marriage to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent:

Feodora’s father died in 1814 when she was just seven years old. Her mother remarried in 1818 and the following year the family moved to England where they took up residence in Kensington Palace in London. It was there in May 1819 that Feodora’s half-sister Victoria was born. Tragedy came again in January 1820 when her stepfather died. Because Victoria was directly in line for the British throne, the family remained in England. Feodora studied privately at home, under the direction of her governess Luise Lehzen who would later become governess, confidante, and companion to the young Victoria. Feodora, too, was a close companion to her sister, and the two would maintain a close relationship for the rest of Feodora’s life.

Stifled by her restricted life within Kensington Palace, Feodora was eager to find a husband and leave. She wrote of her drives with Victoria and Lehzen as the only time she was happy. Soon, she would find her opportunity to escape.

Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. source: Wikipedia

On February 18, 1828, Feodora married Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg at Kensington Palace, despite having only met him twice before the wedding. He was the son of Karl Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth. They settled at Schloss Langenburg (link in German) and had six children:

Feodora’s daughter Adelheid married Friedrich VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. Adelheid and Friedrich’s daughter Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein married Wilhelm II, German Emperor, King of Prussia, son of Victoria’s eldest child Victoria, Princess Royal. And so, Feodora’s granddaughter married Queen Victoria’s grandson. Through this marriage, Feodora and her daughter Adelheid are ancestors of the Greek and Spanish royal families.

Feodora and Queen Victoria maintained a close relationship and wrote to each other religiously. Victoria and her mother visited Feodora and Feodora visited Victoria and their mother in England. Whenever she came, Victoria paid Feodora £300 for her expenses. Feodora came to England when Victoria needed her the most, in the summer of 1861 following the death of their mother and then in December 1861 following Prince Albert’s death.

Feodora’s husband was very politically active, serving as a member of the Württemberg Estates Assembly, President of the Estonian Committee, and later President of the First Chamber of the Württemberg Landtag, so the family also spent much time living in Stuttgart. Feodora maintained a very active social life both at home and in England, where she often visited her mother and sister. She was also very active in charitable causes in Langenburg, founding the Children’s Rescue Center in 1830 to help poor and orphaned children, and, at the time of her silver anniversary in 1853, founding the Poor Preservation Institute for Children and the Sick.

Villa Hohenlohe, painted by August Becker, 1877. source: Royal Collection Trust, RCIN 408974
https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/408974/the-villa-hohenlohe

After being widowed in 1860, Feodora moved to Baden-Baden, where, with some financial help from Queen Victoria, she purchased a cottage called Villa Friesenberg. In a letter to Victoria, she described the house as “a Swiss cottage and a garden on a hill, with good air and a lovely view”. Queen Victoria visited Feodora there in the spring of 1872. Following Feodora’s death several months later, Victoria took possession of the house and its contents. She visited again four years later, calling the house Villa Hohenlohe.

Following a serious illness, Princess Feodora died at Villa Hohenlohe on September 23, 1872. She is buried in the Main Cemetery in Baden-Baden. After getting a telegram informing her of Feodora’s death, Queen Victoria wrote in her journal: “Can I write it? My own darling, only sister, my dear excellent, noble Feodora is no more!… I stand so alone now, no near & dear one nearer my own age, or older, to whom I could look up to, left! All, all gone! How good & wise, beloved Feodora was, so devoted to me, so truly pious & religious. She is gone to that world she was so fit for & entered it, just sleeping away. What a blessed end! but what a loss to those who are left! She was my last near relative on an equality with me, the last link with my childhood & youth.”

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg, Princess Edward of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg, Credit – Wikipedia

Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg was the wife of the future Eduard, Duke of Anhalt. She was born in Altenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in the German state of Thuringia, on August 11, 1873, the youngest child of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg and Princess Auguste of Saxe-Meiningen.

Luise Charlotte had four older siblings:

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt. source: Wikipedia

On February 6, 1895, in Altenburg, Luise Charlotte married her second cousin, Prince Eduard of Anhalt, the future Duke of Anhalt. He was the son of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg.

They had six children:

  • Princess Friederike (born and died 1896) – died in infancy
  • Prince Leopold (1897-1898) – died in infancy
  • Princess Marie-Auguste (1898-1983) – married Prince Joachim of Prussia, had issue
  • Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt (1901-1947) – married (1) Elisabeth Strickrodt, no issue; (2) Edda-Charlotte von Stephani-Marwitz, had issue
  • Prince Eugen (1903-1980) – married Anastasia Jungmeier, had issue
  • Prince Wolfgang (1912-1936) – unmarried

Luise Charlotte and Eduard divorced on January 26, 1918, a few months before her husband became Duke of Anhalt. She spent her remaining years in Altenburg, Germany, where she died on April 15, 1953. She is buried in the Ducal Cemetery in Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf, Germany, along with her brother, Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Karl, Prince of Leiningen

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Karl, Prince of Leiningen; Credit – Wikipedia

Karl, Prince of Leiningen was the half-brother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Prince Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich was born in Amorbach, Principality of Leiningen, now in Bavaria, Germany, on September 12, 1804. He was the first child of Emich Karl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen and Princess Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He had one younger sister:

Karl had an elder half-brother from his father’s first marriage to Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg:

  • Prince Friedrich (1793 – 1800) – died in childhood

He also had a younger half-sister from his mother’s second marriage to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent:

At the age of ten, Karl became Prince of Leiningen upon his father’s death in 1814. However, in 1806, the Principality of Leiningen had been mediatized – annexed to another state(s), while allowing certain rights to its former sovereign. The Principality of Leiningen ceased to exist and was divided between the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Kingdom of Bavaria, and the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The family retained Amorbach Abbey in Amorbach, which remains the family seat of the Princes of Leiningen.

Karl was educated privately at home before attending a private school in Bern, Switzerland. During this time, in 1818, his mother married Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, the fourth son of King George III of the United Kingdom, and became the Duchess of Kent. In 1819, the family moved to London where his younger sister, the future Queen Victoria, was born. His education continued at the University of Göttingen, where he studied law from 1821 to 1823.

Schloss Waldleiningen, photo by UrLunkwill – own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9423055

Beginning in 1823, Karl took over the oversight of his estates and began construction of a new residence, Waldleiningen Castle (link in German), near Mörschenhardt, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

On February 13, 1829, Karl married Countess Maria von Klebelsberg, the daughter of Count Maximilian von Klebelsberg and Maria Anna von Turba. The couple had two sons:

As the Prince of a mediatized house, Karl was a member of the First Chamber of the Estates Assembly of the Grand Duchy of Baden, the First Chamber of Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and the Imperial Council of the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1837, he was the first person created a Knight of the Order of the Garter by his half-sister Queen Victoria.

Karl, Prince of Leiningen, c1835. source: Wikipedia

In April 1842, Karl was one of the 21 founders, and chairman, of the Mainz Aristocracy Association, which organized and promoted the settlement of German emigrants in Texas. In 1843, he became President of the Imperial Council in Bavaria, serving until 1848. During this time, Karl became known for his various reforms and he developed a reputation as a liberal reformer. Following the March Revolution, the Frankfurt Parliament established the new, and short-lived, German Empire with Archduke Johann of Austria being named as Regent. Because of Karl’s accomplishments in the Bavarian government and his ties to the British royal family, he was named the first Prime Minister of the Provisional Central Power on August 5, 1848. His tenure, however, would be very brief. Three weeks later, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia signed the Treaty of Malmö, ending the First Schleswig War without consulting the Central Power. With no real power against Prussia, Karl resigned as Prime Minister on September 6, 1848.

Three years later, in May 1851, Karl resigned from his position as chairman of the Aristocratic Association and retired fully from public service. He suffered a severe apoplectic attack in 1855 which greatly affected his health. A second attack the following year proved fatal. Karl, Prince of Leiningen died at Waldleiningen Castle near Mörschenhardt, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, on November 13, 1856, with his sister Feodora by his bedside. He was buried in Amorbach Abbey in Amorbach, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in Bavaria, Germany until 1866 when his remains were moved to Waldleiningen Castle.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Duchy of Anhalt: Leopold IV Friedrich, the first Duke of Anhalt inherited three duchies: the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau from his grandfather, the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen from a distant cousin, and the Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg from another distant cousin. The three duchies were united as the Duchy of Anhalt on August 30, 1863.

Joachim Ernst was the last Duke of Anhalt. He came to the throne in September 1918 when he was 17-years-old. As he was underage, his father’s brother Prince Aribert of Anhalt served as Regent. With the German Empire crumbling at the end of World War I, Aribert abdicated on Joachim Ernst’s behalf on November 12, 1918. Today the territory that encompassed the Duchy of Anhalt is in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

********************

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt; Credit – Wikipedia

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt ruled for less than five months, just before World War I and the German Empire ended. Prince Eduard Georg Wilhelm was born in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on April 18, 1861, the third son and fourth child of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. He had five siblings:

Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg. source: Wikipedia

Eduard married Princess Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg on February 6, 1895, in Altenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in the German state of Thuringia. She was the daughter of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg and Princess Auguste of Saxe-Meiningen. Eduard and Luise Charlotte were second cousins, through their mutual descent from Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. They had six children:

  • Princess Friederike (born and died 1896) – died in infancy
  • Prince Leopold (1897-1898) – died in infancy
  • Princess Marie-Auguste (1898-1983) – married Prince Joachim of Prussia, had issue
  • Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt (1901-1947) – married (1) Elisabeth Strickrodt, no issue (divorced); (2) Edda-Charlotte von Stephani-Marwitz, had issue
  • Prince Eugen (1903-1980) – married Anastasia Jungmeier, had issue
  • Prince Wolfgang (1912-1936) – unmarried

Eduard and Luise Charlotte were divorced on January 26, 1918, just a few months before he succeeded to the ducal throne.

Eduard became Duke of Anhalt upon the death of his older brother, Friedrich II, on April 21, 1918. Less than five months later, on September 13, 1918, Eduard died in Berchtesgaden, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in the German state of Bavaria. He was succeeded by his son Joachim. As Joachim was not yet of age, Eduard’s brother Aribert served as Regent.

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum (link in German) in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In 1958, the remains of members of the House of Anhalt were removed from the Ducal Mausoleum secretly by night for political reasons (Dessau was then in Communist East Germany) and reburied in the Ziebigker Cemetery in Dessau in a common grave, marked only by a simple wooden cross. In 2019, Eduard’s remains were moved a second time and reinterred in the Marienkirche (link in German) in Dessau, the traditional burial site of the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau dating back to the 15th century. The Marienkirche was destroyed during World War II and has since been rebuilt.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Marie of Baden, Duchess of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Marie of Baden, Duchess of Anhalt; Credit – Wikipedia

Marie of Baden was the last Duchess of Anhalt, as the wife of Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt. She was born Princess Marie Luise Amelie Josephine of Baden on July 26, 1865, in Baden-Baden, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, the daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Baden and Princess Marie of Leuchtenberg. Marie had one younger brother:

Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt. source: Wikipedia

On July 2, 1889, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Marie married Hereditary Prince Friedrich of Anhalt, the son of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. From all accounts, the marriage was a very happy one, but the couple had no children.

Marie quickly became involved in charity after her marriage, supporting organizations that promoted education and care for the underprivileged. In 1892, along with her mother-in-law, she helped found the Anhalt Deaconess Institution, which educated women in caring for the sick and the poor. She also made a large donation of books to the Melanchthon House in Bretten, a museum of the Protestant Reformation and research institution for Philipp Melanchthon, which was inaugurated in 1903.

The Marie Cross. source: www.kuenker.de

During World War I, Marie continued working to establish better medical and care facilities for wounded soldiers. In honor of her efforts, on January 10, 1918, Friedrich II established the Marien-Kreuz (Marie Cross). It was awarded to women of Anhalt for distinguished service during the war,  particularly for caring for wounded soldiers. The medal featured Friedrich and Marie’s initials intertwined, with the arms of Anhalt on the reverse.

When Marie’s husband died in April 1918, the throne of Anhalt passed to his younger brother, Eduard. Marie eventually returned to Baden-Baden, her birthplace, where she died on November 29, 1939, having survived her husband by over 21 years. The last Duchess of Anhalt, Marie was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum (link in German) in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In 1958, the remains of members of the House of Anhalt were removed from the Ducal Mausoleum secretly by night for political reasons (Dessau was then in Communist East Germany) and reburied in the Ziebigker Cemetery in Dessau in a common grave, marked only by a simple wooden cross. In 2019, Marie’s remains were moved a second time and reinterred in the Marienkirche (link in German) in Dessau, the traditional burial site of the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau dating back to the 15th century. The Marienkirche was destroyed during World War II and has since been rebuilt.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Duchy of Anhalt: Leopold IV Friedrich, the first Duke of Anhalt inherited three duchies: the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau from his grandfather, the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen from a distant cousin, and the Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg from another distant cousin. The three duchies were united as the Duchy of Anhalt on August 30, 1863.

Joachim Ernst was the last Duke of Anhalt. He came to the throne in September 1918 when he was 17-years-old. As he was underage, his father’s brother Prince Aribert of Anhalt served as Regent. With the German Empire crumbling at the end of World War I, Aribert abdicated on Joachim Ernst’s behalf on November 12, 1918. Today the territory that encompassed the Duchy of Anhalt is in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

********************

Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt; Credit – Wikipedia

Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt, was born in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on August 19, 1856. He was the son of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg, and had five siblings:

Marie of Baden. source: Wikipedia

After studying together in Bonn, Geneva, and Munich, Friedrich and his elder brother Leopold both joined the German Army, where they served until 1883. When Leopold died in 1886, Friedrich became the Hereditary Prince and heir to the throne of Anhalt. Three years later, he married Princess Marie of Baden on July 2, 1889, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Marie was the daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Baden and Princess Maria of Leuchtenberg. They had no children.

Friedrich became the reigning Duke of Anhalt upon his father’s death in January 1904. While a competent ruler, he focused much more on cultural pursuits. He established a Court Theatre, which became very well-known throughout Europe and attracted some of the leading singers and musicians from around the world.

Ballenstedt Castle. photo: by Wolkenkratzer – Own Work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27499588

Friedrich II died at Ballenstedt Castle in the Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on April 21, 1918, and was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum (link in German) in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In 1958, the remains of members of the House of Anhalt were removed from the Ducal Mausoleum secretly by night for political reasons (Dessau was then in Communist East Germany) and reburied in the Ziebigker Cemetery in Dessau in a common grave, marked only by a simple wooden cross. In 2019, Friedrich’s remains were moved a second time and reinterred in the Marienkirche (link in German) in Dessau, the traditional burial site of the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau dating back to the 15th century. The Marienkirche was destroyed during World War II and has since been rebuilt.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

King Carl XVI Gustaf now longest-reigning Swedish monarch

Photo Credit – Wikipedia

On April 26, 2018, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden became the longest reigning monarch in Swedish history surpassing King Magnus IV who reigned for 44 years and 222 days from July 8, 1319 – February 15, 1364.

Carl Gustaf’s parents were Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, He is a descendant of Queen Victoria through both of his parents.  His paternal grandmother was Princess Margaret of Connaught, daughter of Queen Victoria’s son Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught.  His maternal grandfather was Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the posthumous son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, Queen Victoria’s youngest son.

Four Generations: The infant Prince Carl Gustaf held by his great-grandfather King Gustaf V. Seated on the left is the prince’s grandfather, Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf (the future King Gustaf VI Adolf), and standing is the prince’s father, Prince Gustaf Adolf; Photo: Swedish Royal Court


Previously, viagra for sale australia was the only medicine for curing the erectile dysfunction of male reproductive system. It helps in increasing expansion in penile tadalafil purchase tissue. Paul Pasko also orchestrated after school workshops for staff and worked hand in hand with his colleagues tadalafil overnight to devise and amend curriculum, teaching methodologies, and best practices. The reason is that the ads for getting the market, the choice of cialis on line australia the right source becomes crucial.
On January 26, 1947, when Carl Gustaf was only nine months old, his father died in an airplane crash at Kastrup Airport near Copenhagen, Denmark.  At that time, Carl Gustaf became second in the line of succession behind his grandfather.  Carl Gustaf’s great-grandfather King Gustaf V died on October 29, 1950, and his grandfather became King Gustaf VI Adolf while four-year-old Carl Gustaf became Crown Prince. At the age of 27, King Carl XVI Gustaf succeeded his grandfather upon his death on September 15, 1973.

Unofficial Royalty: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

Learn more about the Swedish Royal Family at Unofficial Royalty: Swedish Index

Prince Louis of Wales

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Prince Louis of Wales; Credit – Wikipedia

Prince Louis Arthur Charles of Wales is the second son of the two sons and the youngest of the three children of Prince William, The Prince of Wales and The Princess of Wales, the former Catherine Middleton. He was born at 11:01 AM London time on April 23, 2018, at the Lindo Wing, St. Mary’s Hospital in London.

 

Prince Louis had two older siblings:

The Succession to The Crown Act 2013, which formally went into effect on March 26, 2015, put in place absolute primogeniture, which means for those born after October 28, 2011, the eldest child born becomes the heir to his or her parent, regardless of gender. This means that at the time of his birth Prince Louis was fifth in the line of succession after his grandfather now King Charles III of the United Kingdom, his father The Duke of Cornwall and Cambridge, his elder brother Prince George of Cornwall and Cambridge, and his elder sister Princess Charlotte of Cornwall and Cambridge. With the birth of Prince Louis, Princess Charlotte became the first princess not to be overtaken in the line of succession by her younger brother.

Later on the day of Louis’ birth, Prince William brought Prince George and Princess Charlotte to the hospital to meet their new baby brother.  Just a few hours later, The Duke and Duchess and their newborn son left the hospital and returned home to Kensington Palace. Four days later, the couple announced their son’s name, Louis Arthur Charles.

 

More associated with French royalty, the name Louis (pronounced Lou-ee) has never been used as a first name for a British prince. King George I was named Georg Ludwig in German, George Louis in English. King George III’s father, the Prince of Wales, who never became king because he predeceased his father, was named Frederick Lewis.

The uncle of Prince Philip, Prince Louis’ great-grandfather, was named Louis. Born Prince Louis of Battenberg and a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma served in World War II and was the last Viceroy of India. He was assassinated by an Irish Republican Army bomb in 1979.

Also in Prince Louis’ ancestry from his great-grandfather Prince Philip’s side of the family is Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, the husband of Queen Victoria’s daughter Princess Alice, and Prince Ludwig of Battenberg, later Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, father of both Prince Philip’s mother Alice and Philip’s uncle Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma.

Prince Louis’ father, named William Arthur Philip Louis, has two of his son’s names, as does the baby’s paternal grandfather, Charles Philip Arthur George. King Henry VII’s eldest son, who predeceased him, was Arthur, Prince of Wales, and one of Queen Victoria’s sons was Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught.

 

Prince Louis was christened on July 9, 2018, at The Chapel Royal, St. James’s Palace, London.  His parents asked the following people to be his godparents:

  • Mr. Nicholas van Cutsem (a friend of his father)
  • Mr. Guy Pelly (a friend of his father)
  • Mr. Harry Aubrey-Fletcher (an Eton College friend of his father)
  • Lady Laura Meade (friend of his father, formerly Laura Marsham, daughter of Julian Marsham, 8th Earl of Romney; wife of James Meade, who is a godfather of Princess Charlotte)
  • Mrs. Robert (Hannah) Carter (a school friend of his mother)
  • Miss Lucy Middleton  (paternal first cousin of his mother)

The week of his third birthday, Prince Louis began attending the Willcocks Nursery School, close to her Kensington Palace home, the same nursery school his sister Charlotte attended.

Louis and his siblings ride in the Trooping the Colour carriage procession for the first time in 2022; Credit – By John Pannell from Watford, UK – Queen’s Platinum Jubilee 2022-0695, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=118639761

On June 2, 2022, during his great-grandmother’s Platinum Jubilee celebration weekend, Louis and his siblings made their debut in the Trooping the Colour carriage procession. All three children joined their parents, Queen Elizabeth II, and other working royals on the Buckingham Palace balcony.

William and Catherine with their children on the Buckingham Palace balcony during the Platinum Jubilee celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022

On June 5, 2022, the three children also attended Queen Elizabeth II’s Platinum Jubilee Pageant, where Prince Louis famously drew media coverage when he threw a tantrum, thumbing his nose and sticking out his tongue at his mother.

 

In the summer of 2022, Louis and his family moved to Adelaide Cottage, a four-bedroom house on the grounds of Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England. The move was made to give Louis and his siblings a more normal family life. In the fall of 2022, Louis and his siblings began attending Lambrook School, a prestigious fee-paying school in Winkfield, near Windsor. The school is described on its website as a “leading coeducational Prep School for 615 boys and girls aged 3 and 13, set in 52 acres of beautiful Berkshire countryside.” Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis are not the first royals attending Lambrook School. Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein and his brother Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein, grandsons of Queen Victoria and sons of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, also attended Lambrook School.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.