Category Archives: Saxe-Altenburg Royals

Amelia of Württemberg, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

source: Wikipedia

Amalie of Württemberg, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg

Duchess Amalie Therese Luise Wilhelmine Philippine of Württemberg was the wife of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. Born in Wallisfurth, Kingdom of Prussia (now Wolany, Poland) on June 28, 1799, she was the daughter of  Duke Ludwig of Württemberg and Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg.

Amalie had four siblings:

Amalie also had one half-brother from her father’s first marriage to Princess Maria Czartoryska:

Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. source: Wikipedia

On April 24, 1817, Amalie married Hereditary Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen. He was the son of Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg) and Duchess Charlotte George of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The couple married in Kirchheim unter Teck in Württemberg, and had six daughters:

Following her marriage, she began to get involved with charitable causes in her new home. In 1819, she founded the Industrial School for orphaned children in Hildburghausen and founded a Woman’s Association the following year. After her father-in-law became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg in 1826, the family moved to Schloss Altenburg, and she continued with her philanthropic work, establishing several schools and institutions in Altenburg.

Amalie with her husband and surviving daughters, painted c1847, by Joseph Karl Stieler, source: Wikipedia

Despite her efforts, Amalie was never very popular with the people of Saxe-Altenburg, who found her very haughty and proud. This contributed to the growing discontent of the working class people, leading up to the Revolution in 1848 which would bring about her husband’s abdication.

The ruins of the Ducal Mausoleum in Altenburg Cemetery. photo: geo.viaregia.org

Duchess Amalie of Saxe-Altenburg died on November 28, 1848, in Altenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in Thuringia, Germany. Two days after her death, her husband was forced to abdicate the throne of the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg and was succeeded by his younger brother Georg. Amalie was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum in the Altenburg Cemetery. In 1974, the remains of those buried in the Mausoleum were removed and reburied on the grounds of the cemetery.

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Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg: The Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg was created in 1826 when Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. After Friedrich IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg died in 1825 without heirs, the Ernestine duchies were reorganized. Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld becoming the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Altenburg passed to Friedrich. In exchange, the two Dukes ceded Saalfeld and Hildburghausen, respectively, to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.

As World War I ended, the last Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Ernst II, was one of the first German sovereigns to realize that major changes were coming and quickly arrived at an amicable settlement with his subjects. He abdicated on November 13, 1918. Today the territory that encompassed the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg is located in the German state of Thuringia.

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Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was born Hereditary Prince Joseph Georg Friedrich Ernst Karl of Saxe-Hildburghausen in Hildburghausen, Duchy of  Saxe-Hildburghausen, now in Thuringia, Germany, on August 27, 1789. He was the second, but eldest surviving, son of Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg) and Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. His godparents included Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, King George III of Great Britain, and King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia. Joseph had 11 siblings:

After his initial education at home, he studied at the University of Erlangen. Beginning in 1814, he served in the Prussian Army, serving alongside his brother Georg during the Wars of Liberation. He retired from active service in 1816 but maintained several honorary positions.

Amalie of Württemberg. source: Wikipedia

Joseph married Duchess Amalie of Württemberg on April 24, 1817, in Kirchheim unter Teck, Kingdom of Württemberg, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. She was the daughter of Duke Ludwig of Württemberg and Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg. Together, they had six daughters:

As Hereditary Prince, Joseph had basically ruled alongside his father for the last few years of his father’s reign. In 1833, acting on his father’s behalf, he reinstated the Saxe-Ernestine Ducal Order along with the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. He became Duke upon his father’s death on September 29, 1834. His reign saw the construction of several prominent buildings in Altenburg and the construction of a Ducal Mausoleum in the Altenburg cemetery. He also continued with the restoration of Altenburg Castle, a project begun by his father upon arriving in Altenburg in 1826.

As a ruler, Joseph was very conservative and against any sort of reform. With unrest spreading through Europe in 1848, Joseph quickly brought in troops to squash the growing demands for a free state in Altenburg. Despite his attempts, the people refused to back him and Joseph was forced to abdicate on November 30, 1848, just two days after the death of his wife. As he had no male heirs, he was succeeded by his younger brother, Georg.

Schloss Fröhliche Wiederkunft, c1864. source: Wikipedia

Joseph moved to Schloss Fröhliche Wiederkunft, his castle in Wolfersdorf, where he spent the next fifteen years restoring and expanding the estate. He lived for nearly 20 years after his abdication, dying in Altenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in the German state of Thuringia, on November 25, 1868, and was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum in Altenburg Cemetery. Per his wishes, his heart was buried at Schloss Fröhliche Wiederkunft. In 1974, all of the remains in the mausoleum were removed and buried in an unmarked grave elsewhere in the cemetery.

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Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

source: Wikipedia

Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen

Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the wife of Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen – later the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. She was born in Hanover, Electorate of Hanover, now in Lower Saxony, Germany on November 17, 1769, the eldest child of Carl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt. Charlotte had nine siblings:

She also had a half-brother, from her father’s second marriage to her mother’s sister, Charlotte:

Charlotte was raised in Hanover, where her father served as Governor for his brother-in-law, King George III of the United Kingdom, who was the Elector of Hanover She was very close with her sisters, particularly Friederike, and they were considered to be the most beautiful and eligible princesses of their time.

Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen; Credit – Wikipedia

On September 3, 1785, Charlotte married Friedrich, then the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, and took up residence at Schloss Hildburghausen. The marriage was unhappy from the beginning, and Friedrich mostly ignored his wife who was far more intelligent than he was. Despite this, the couple had 12 children:

Charlotte, c1815, painting by Heinrich Vogel. source: Wikipedia

Despite her husband’s disinterest, Charlotte became much loved by the people of Saxe-Hildburghausen. She gave very generously to causes and charities which helped the poor and funded numerous programs that provided education and training to the less fortunate. Charlotte was also a great supporter of the arts and brought many musicians and artists to court. She also became known as one of the best singers of her time. Having taken lessons as a girl in Hanover, the Duchess often sang in both court and church events.

Charlotte’s tomb in the City Cemetery in Hildburghausen. photo: by XHBNx – Own Work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4876170

Eight years before her husband became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Charlotte, the Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen, died in Hildburghausen, Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen, now in Thuringia, German on May 14, 1818, after a long illness. Per her wishes, she was to be buried in the new city cemetery (Stadtfriedhof) in Hildburghausen. She was initially buried in the Hildburghausen Castle Church in the Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen, now in Thuringia, Germany. Her remains were moved to the Hildburghausen Stadtfriedhof in 1819, the first burial in the new cemetery. Her tomb, a large bronzed pillar atop what is known as the Ducal Mound, was completed in 1824. The mound is now also the burial site of several of the previous Dukes of Saxe-Hildburghausen and their wives. Other members of the Saxe-Altenburg family are buried elsewhere in the cemetery.

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Saxe-Altenburg Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg: The Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg was created in 1826 when Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. After Friedrich IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg died in 1825 without heirs, the Ernestine duchies were reorganized. Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld becoming the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Altenburg passed to Friedrich. In exchange, the two Dukes ceded Saalfeld and Hildburghausen, respectively, to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.

As World War I ended, the last Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Ernst II, was one of the first German sovereigns to realize that major changes were coming and quickly arrived at an amicable settlement with his subjects. He abdicated on November 13, 1918. Today the territory that encompassed the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg is located in the German state of Thuringia.

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Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg; Credit – Wikipedi

Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was born in Hildburghausen, Duchy of  Saxe-Hildburghausen, now in Thuringia, Germany, as The Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen on April 29, 1763, the only son of Ernst Friedrich III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and his third wife, Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar. He had two sisters:

Friedrich also had two half-sisters from his father’s first two marriages, both of whom had died in infancy.

Friedrich was educated privately at home and later spent some time at the court in Gotha learning about the workings of government. He was presented to the Austrian court in 1779 and served in the Austrian military. At just 17 years old, he became Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen upon his father’s death in 1780. Because of his youth, a Regency was established, led by his great-grand-uncle, Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The Regency continued even after he reached his majority, ending only with Joseph’s death in 1787.

Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. source: Wikipedia

On September 3, 1785, Friedrich married Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the daughter of Carl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt. The marriage was happy at first, but soon Friedrich realized that his wife was far more intelligent than he was, and began to ignore her. Despite this, the couple had 12 children:

Upon taking control of his government in 1787, he quickly established a trade agreement with Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He improved the education system and established several schools in Hildburghausen. He also worked to improve the duchy’s financial situation. Due to his father’s poor fiscal policies, the Duchy was under the official administration of the Imperial Debit Commission and horribly in debt. Joining the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 saw a marked change in the duchy’s financial state, coming out of administration and seeing an increase in income. This was further enhanced by joining the German Confederation in 1815. By the time he issued a new constitution in 1818, both the Duchy and the Duke himself were in a greatly improved financial position.

Along with his wife, the much-loved Charlotte Georgine, Friedrich worked to bring art and culture to Saxe-Hildburghausen, turning it into one of the cultural centers in Germany. He made sure to remain close to his subjects, often inviting people of all classes to his palaces, visiting inns and workshops around the duchy, and bringing about initiatives that helped the poor. Charlotte Georgine, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen died eight years before her husband became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, in Hildburghausen, Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen, now in Thuringia, German on May 14, 1818, after a long illness.

Friedrich IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. source: Wikipedia

Friedrich became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg in 1826. After Friedrich IV, the last Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg died in 1825 without heirs, the Ernestine duchies were reorganized. Gotha passed to Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (becoming the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), and Altenburg passed to Friedrich. In exchange, the two Dukes ceded Saalfeld and Hildburghausen, respectively, to Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.

Leaving Hildburghausen after living there for 63 years was very difficult for Friedrich, but he moved to Altenburg in November 1826. He took up residence at the Hummelshain Hunting Lodge (Jagdschloss Hummelshain) while a massive restoration was undertaken at Altenburg Castle. Keeping to his promise to the people of his new duchy, Friedrich enacted a constitution in April 1831 and worked to improve the infrastructure and streamline the government and reinforce trade with the other German states.

Jagdschloss Hummelshain. photo: By Michael Sander – Own work (selbst fotografiert), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10112948

Eight years after becoming Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Friedrich died on September 29, 1834, at the Hummelshain Hunting Lodge in Hummerlshain, now in Thuringia, Germany. He was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum in the Altenburg Cemetery in Altenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in Thuringia, Germany. In 1974, all the remains were removed from the mausoleum and were buried in an unmarked grave elsewhere in the cemetery

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Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg, Princess Edward of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg, Princess Eduard of Anhalt; Credit – Wikipedia

Luise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg was the wife of the future Eduard, Duke of Anhalt. She was born in Altenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in the German state of Thuringia, on August 11, 1873, the youngest child of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg and Princess Auguste of Saxe-Meiningen.

Luise Charlotte had four older siblings:

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt. source: Wikipedia

On February 6, 1895, in Altenburg, Luise Charlotte married her second cousin, Prince Eduard of Anhalt, the future Duke of Anhalt. He was the son of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg.

They had six children:

  • Princess Friederike (born and died 1896) – died in infancy
  • Prince Leopold (1897-1898) – died in infancy
  • Princess Marie-Auguste (1898-1983) – married Prince Joachim of Prussia, had issue
  • Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt (1901-1947) – married (1) Elisabeth Strickrodt, no issue; (2) Edda-Charlotte von Stephani-Marwitz, had issue
  • Prince Eugen (1903-1980) – married Anastasia Jungmeier, had issue
  • Prince Wolfgang (1912-1936) – unmarried

Luise Charlotte and Eduard divorced on January 26, 1918, a few months before her husband became Duke of Anhalt. She spent her remaining years in Altenburg, Germany where she died on April 15, 1953. She is buried in the Ducal Cemetery in Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf, Germany along with her brother, Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg.

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Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg, Duchess of Anhalt

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg, Duchess of Anhalt; source: Wikipedia

Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg was the wife of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt. She was born Princess Antoinette Charlotte Marie Josephine Karoline Frida on April 17, 1838, in Bamberg, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in Bavaria, Germany, to Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg and his first wife, Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Antoinette had three full siblings:

Antoinette also had two half-siblings from her father’s second marriage to Princess Luise Caroline Reuss of Greiz:

Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt. source: Wikipedia

In Altenburg on April 22, 1854, Antoinette married the future Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt. He was the son of Leopold IV Friedrich, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Friederike of Prussia. The couple had six children:

Antoinette, Duchess of Anhalt. source: Wikipedia

At the age of 70, four years after the death of her husband, Antoinette, The Dowager Duchess of Anhalt died in Berchtesgaden, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in the German state of Bavaria, on October 13, 1908, and was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum (link in German) in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In 1958, the remains of members of the House of Anhalt were removed from the Ducal Mausoleum secretly by night for political reasons (Dessau was then in Communist East Germany) and reburied in the Ziebigker Cemetery in Dessau in a common grave, marked only by a simple wooden cross. In 2019, Antoinette’s remains were moved a second time and reinterred in the Marienkirche (link in German) in Dessau, the traditional burial site of the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau dating back to the 15th century. The Marienkirche was destroyed during World War II and has since been rebuilt.

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Anhalt Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg

by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2018

Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg; source: Wikipedia

Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg

Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg (born a Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen) was Grand Duchess of Oldenburg by her marriage to Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg. She was born Princess Elisabeth Pauline Alexandrine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, in Hildburghausen, on March 26, 1826, the fourth of six daughters of Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg) and Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. Elisabeth’s sisters were:

Peter II of Oldenburg. source: Wikipedia

Elisabeth married the then Hereditary Grand Duke Peter of Oldenburg on February 10, 1852. They were second cousins through their mutual descent from Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg. Elisabeth and Peter had two sons:

Elisabeth became Grand Duchess of Oldenburg upon her husband’s accession in 1853. As Grand Duchess, she oversaw the establishment of the Elisabeth Children’s Hospital and served as the patron of numerous charities and organizations focused on the well-being of children and the less fortunate. Much of this was done through her Elisabeth Foundation, established at the time of her marriage using funds given by her father.

Grand Duchess Elisabeth (left) photographed with Queen Amalie of Greece in the 1860s. source: Wikipedia

Grand Duchess Elisabeth died on February 2, 1896, in Oldenburg, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, now in Lower Saxony, Germany. She was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum in Saint Gertrude’s Cemetery in Oldenburg.

Oldenburg Resources at Unofficial Royalty

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Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen of Hanover

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2013

Marie of Saxe-Altenburg with her daughter Marie: Credit – Wikipedia

Born on April 14, 1818, in Hildburghausen, Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen, now in the German state of Thuringia, Marie was the eldest daughter of the six daughters of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Amalie of Württemberg.  She was given a long string of names: Alexandrine Marie Wilhelmine Katharine Charlotte Theresia Henriette Luise Pauline Elisabeth Friederike Georgine.  Marie was born as a Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen, but in 1826 she became a Princess of Saxe-Altenburg due to a transfer of territories within her family.

Marie had five sisters:

  • Pauline (1819 – 1825), died young
  • Therese (1823 – 1915), unmarried
  • Elisabeth (1826 – 1896), married Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, had issue
  • Alexandra (1830 – 1911), married Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia, son of  Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia; had issue, their daughter Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna and her husband King George I of Greece (born Prince William of Denmark) are ancestors of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Queen Sofía of Spain, and five Kings of Greece.
  • Luise (1832 – 1833), died young

In 1839, Marie met Crown Prince George of Hanover at Schloss Monbrillant, a summer palace of the Hanovers.  George was the son of Ernest Augustus, the fifth son of George III of the United Kingdom, who had inherited the throne of Hanover upon the accession of his niece Victoria in 1837.  Up until that point, Hanoverian kings of the United Kingdom were also Electors or Kings of Hanover.  However, Hanover followed the Salic Law which did not allow female succession.  Ernest Augustus, as the eldest surviving male, became King of Hanover.

Crown Prince George was totally blind, having lost sight in his left eye due to illness when he was ten years old and the sight in his right eye due to an accident four years later.  There were some doubts about his ability to be king due to his blindness, but his father decided to keep him in the line of succession.  Marie and George were married on February 18, 1843.

The couple had three children:

Marie and her family; Credit – Wikipedia

George succeeded his father as King of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, as well as Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, in the Peerage of Great Britain, and Earl of Armagh, in the Peerage of Ireland, on November 18, 1851, and Marie assumed the female counterparts of the styles and titles.  George V of Hanover reigned for only 15 years, being exiled from Hanover in 1866 as a result of his support for Austria in the Austro-Prussian War.  On September 20, 1866, Hanover was annexed by Prussia. George never abdicated from the throne of Hanover and he and Marie lived in exile at Gmunden, Austria, until his death in 1878. After George’s death, Marie continued living in the Villa Thun in Gmunden which became known as the Queen’s Villa and is still owned by the House of Hanover.  She died on January 9, 1907, and was buried in the mausoleum at Schloss Cumberland in Gmunden, Austria.  Through her son Ernst Augustus, Marie is the ancestor of former King Constantine I of Greece, his sister Queen Sofia of Spain, Sofia’s son King Felipe VI of Spain, and Prince Ernst Augustus of Hanover (husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco).

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