by Scott Mehl
© Unofficial Royalty 2021

Marie de Hautefort was a close confidante and favorite of King Louis XIII of France. She was also a close friend and prominent member of the household of his wife, Queen Anne (the former Anne of Austria).

source: Wikipedia

Marie de Hautefort was born at the Château de Hautefort on January 7, 1616, the youngest of seven children of Charles, Marquis de Hautefort and Renée du Bellay. Her maternal grandmother, Catherine le Voyer de Lignerolles, was a lady-in-waiting to two French queens – Marie de’ Medici and Anne of Austria – and later served as Dame d’atour (Lady of the Attire) to Queen Anne – the second highest ranking position within the Queen’s household.

It was through her grandmother’s position that Marie first met King Louis XIII, and the king quickly became enamored with her. After the King’s mother, Marie de’ Medici, was forced to leave the country in 1630, he appointed Marie’s grandmother as Dame d’atour to his wife, Queen Anne, and appointed Marie to be one of the Queen’s attendants as well. This kept Marie at court, where she quickly became one of his closest confidantes. However, the king’s romantic feelings toward her were not reciprocated. She also became very close with Queen Anne, perhaps even more so than with the King himself. She was much more supportive to Queen Anne, especially during the time when Anne was accused of being a supporter of the Spanish cause. This close relationship often caused tension between the King and Marie.

Anne of Austria, Queen of France; Credit – Wikipedia

She remained at Court until 1635 when Cardinal Richelieu brought Louise de La Fayette to court to replace Marie as the King’s favorite. However, when de La Fayette entered a convent two years later, Marie was quickly called back to court and returned to the King’s favor. Her stay lasted just two more years before the King found a new favorite in the Marquis of Cinq-Mars.

Following the King’s death in 1643, Queen Anne became regent for their young son, Louis XIV. Marie was called back to Court and resumed her position within the Queen’s household. This lasted only briefly before the Queen dismissed her from court in 1644.

Charles de Schomberg, Duke d’Halluin. source: Wikipedia

Soon after leaving the French court for the last time, Marie married Charles de Schomberg, Duke d’Halluin, on September 24, 1646. Known for his military skills, Charles led French forces to victory against the Spanish in the Battle of Leucate in 1637, for which he was appointed Marshal of France. He then held several governorships. His title of Duke d’Halluin came from his first wife, Anne, Duchess d’Halluin, who had died in 1641. Marie and Charles had no children.

The couple lived in Metz, where Charles served as Governor, until his death in 1656. Marie then returned permanently to Paris, where she would later resume contact with the Dowager Queen Anne. The two continued to correspond until the Queen’s death in 1666. Marie de Hautefort died in Paris on August 1, 1691, at the age of 75.

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Charles d’Albert, Duke of Luynes was a close advisor and favorite of King Louis XIII of France from childhood until his death, and held numerous top positions within the French court.

source: Wikipedia

Charles d’Albert was born August 5, 1578, the eldest son of Honoré d’Albert, Seigneur de Luynes and Anne de Rodulf. Closely connected to the French court, his father had served four French kings – François II, Charles IX, Henri III and Henri IV. Charles’s siblings included:

• Honoré d’Albert, Duke of Chaulnes – married Claire Charlotte d’Ailly
• Léon d’Albert, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg – married Marguerite Charlotte of Luxembourg
• Antoinette d’Albert – married (1) Barthélémey, Lord of Vernet: (2) Henri-Robert de La Marck

Raised at the French court, Charles was a companion and friend of the future King Louis XIII from a young age.  Louis became King at just nine years old, with his mother, Marie de’ Medici, serving as Regent until his majority. During this time, Charles continued to be close to King Louis XIII and would become one of his closest and most trusted advisors. Raised to numerous high positions and appointments within the royal household, Charles strongly encouraged the King to remove his mother from power and was involved in the plot which led to the death of Concino Concini, one of the dowager queen’s favorites and closest advisors. In 1619, on the King’s behalf, he negotiated the Treaty of Angoulême which ended the battle between mother and son. For his efforts, in addition to several other honorary positions, Charles was created Duke of Luynes and a Peer of France.

In 1617, Charles married Marie Aimée de Rohan, Mademoiselle de Montbazon, the daughter of Hercule de Rohan, Duke of Montbazon and his first wife, Marie de Bretagne d’Avaugour. The couple two daughters who died at early ages and one son::

• Louis Charles d’Albert de Luynes, 2nd Duke of Luynes (1620) – married (1) Louise Séguier, Marquise d’O, had issue; (2) Princess Anne de Royah-Montbazon. his mother’s younger half-sister, had issue; (3) Marguerie d’Aligre, no issue

In 1621, Charles led a campaign against the Protestants in southern France, despite his opposition to the decision. He was appointed Constable of France – a position for which he was far from qualified but received basically by default. The former holder was a Protestant and refused to go along with the King’s wishes. He participated in the Siege of Montauban in the fall of 1621 – gaining much criticism for the failure despite having not actually been in command. Soon after, Charles contracted what was likely scarlet fever. The Duke of Luynes just 43 years old, died of his illness on December 15, 1621, at the Chateau de Longueville.

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Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princess of Lamballe, was a favorite and confidante of Queen Marie Antoinette of France.

source: Wikipedia

Maria Teresa Luisa of Savoy was born on September 8, 1749 at the Palazzo Carignano in Turin. She was the sixth of nine children of Luigi Vittorio of Savoy, Prince of Carignano, and Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg. Her father was an illegitimate grandson of King Vittorio Amedeo II of Sardinia, and her mother was a niece by marriage of King Carlo Emanuele III of Sardinia.  She had eight siblings:

• Carlotta (1742) – unmarried
• Vittorio Amedeo II, Prince of Carignano (1743) – married Joséphine of Lorraine, had issue
• Leopoldina (1744) – married Andrea IV Doria-Pamphili-Landi, Prince of Melfi, had issue
• Polissena (1746) – unmarried
• Gabriella (1748) – married Ferdinand, Prince of Lobkowicz, had issue
• Tomasso (1751) – died in childhood
• Eugenio, Count of Villafranca (1753) – married Elisabeth Boisgarin, had issue
• Caterina (1762) – married Don Filippo Colonna, Prince of Paliano, had issue

On January 31, 1767, Maria Teresa was married to Louis Alexandre of Bourbon-Penthièvre, Prince of Lamballe. Heir to one of the largest fortunes in France, Louis was the son of Louis Jean Marie of Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, and Princess Maria Teresa d’Este – both of whom were descendants of King Louis XIV of France and his morganatic wife, Madame de Montespan.

Despite their initial happiness, Louis soon returned to his philandering ways, taking several mistresses within just several months after their marriage. These affairs would be the end of him. Only sixteen months after marrying, the Prince of Lamballe died of a venereal disease on May 6, 1768 at the Château de Louveciennes.

Widowed at just 19, Marie Thérèse became a very wealthy woman, having inherited her husband’s entire estate. She was comforted by her father-in-law who took her in as his own daughter, and the two had a very close relationship. Later that year, Princess Marie Adélaïde, the daughter of King Louis XV, suggested Marie Thérèse as a possible second wife for her father who had recently been widowed as well. However, Marie Thérèse rebuffed the idea.

The Château de Rambouillet.  photo by Pline – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16338695

Marie Thérèse lived a very comfortable life, splitting her time between her father-in-law’s homes – the Hôtel de Toulouse in Paris and the Château de Rambouillet outside of the city. She served as her father-in-law’s hostess when he entertained, often hosting members of both the French, and foreign, royal families.

Due to her position, she often found herself involved with functions of the French Court, including being presented to the new Dauphine – the future Queen Marie Antoinette – upon her arrival in France in 1770. The future queen was charmed by the Princess of Lamballe, and soon the two became very close. Over the next few years, Marie Thérèse was rarely separated from Marie Antoinette, having become one of her closest friends and confidantes.

As an expression of that close friendship, Queen Marie Antoinette appointed Marie Thérèse as Superintendent of the Queen’s Household in 1775. This position, previously abolished over 30 years earlier, made Marie Thérèse the highest-ranking woman in the Royal Court and gave her immense power and influence. It also came with a very large salary of 50,000 crowns per year – an astronomical amount considering the poor financial state of the economy at the time. Considering her personal wealth, she was asked to refuse the salary, but she insisted on receiving it, and the Queen agreed.

Marie Thérèse soon began to fall from favor with the Queen, upon the arrival of the Duchess de Polignac in 1775. The two did not get along, and Marie Antoinette found herself spending more time with the Duchess. Although losing her position as “favorite”, she remained in her position in the Queen’s household.

Suffering from weak health, the Princess traveled to England for several months in 1787 to rest. Upon her return, her relationship with the Queen became closer once again. Despite everything, her loyalty to Marie Antoinette never wavered. On a trip abroad when the Bastille was stormed in 1789, Marie Thérèse rejoined the Royal Family in October of that year, where she remained by the Queen’s side.

When the Royal Family attempted to flee to Brussels in June 1791, Marie Thérèse was not made aware of the plans. The Queen simply bid her goodnight and suggested she take some time off in the country. The following day, she received a note from the Queen informing her of the plans and instructing her to join them in Brussels. Of course, the royal family never made it out of the country. They were captured in Varennes and brought back to Paris where they were confined to the Tuileries Palace.

Marie Thérèse quickly made her way to Brussels, where she found out that the escape plan had failed. She continued a correspondence with the Queen who advised her not to return to France. However, in late 1791, under new provisions of the Constitution, the Queen was instructed to reestablish her household and dismiss anyone not in service. She wrote to Marie Thérèse asking her to return or resign. Despite the Queen’s private advice to stay away, the princess decided to return, arriving in Paris in early November 1791. She continued in her role as Superintendent of the Queen’s Household, devoting herself to the Queen and to ensuring the loyalty of those surrounding her.

Despite the efforts of the King and his supporters, the call for an end to the monarchy grew louder and stronger. On August 10, 1792, the palace was stormed and the royal family and many of their court were taken into custody and imprisoned at the Temple, a small prison in Paris. Nine days later, Marie Thérèse was separated from them and moved to the La Force prison nearby.

A depiction of the death of the Princess of Lamballe. source: Wikipedia

On September 3, 1792, Marie Thérèse went before a tribunal that insisted she swear “hatred to the King and the Queen and to the monarchy”. Refusing to do so, she was released to the streets where she was quickly killed by an angry mob. Her head was placed on a pike, and numerous reports claim that it was paraded below the windows where Queen Marie Antoinette was being held. Most historians agree that the Queen never actually saw this, but she was made aware of the Princess’s death. Her body was turned over to the authorities, but their whereabouts are unknown.

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Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchesse de Polignac was a favorite of Queen Marie Antoinette of France. She is also the ancestress of Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco.

source: Wikipedia

Born in Paris on September 8, 1749, Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron was the second daughter of Jean François Gabriel, Count of Polastron, Seigneur de Noueilles, Venerque and Grépiac and his first wife, Jeanne Charlotte Hérault de Vaucresson. Gabrielle (as she was known) had an elder sister Jeanne. Through her father’s second marriage to Anne-Charlotte de Noé, she also had three younger half-siblings, Denis, Adélaïde and Henriette-Nathalie.

Although her family was part of the aristocracy, they were laden with debt and lived a relatively modest lifestyle. She was initially raised at the family’s Château de Noueilles in southern France, but following her mother’s death when Gabrielle was just three years old, her upbringing was left to an aunt who sent her to a convent to receive her education.

Gabrielle was married on July 7, 1767 to Jules François Armand de Polignac, Marquis de Mancini (later created Duke of Polignac). At the time, Polignac was serving in the French military. The couple had four children:

• Aglaé de Polignac (1768) – married Antoine-Louis-Marie de Gramont, Duke de Guiche, had issue
• Jules de Polignac, 2nd Duke de Polignac (1771) – married Ida van Neukirchen, no issue
• Auguste de Polignac, 3rd Duke de Polignac (1780) – married (1) Barbara Campbell, had issue; (2) Mary Parykns, had issue
• Melchior de Polignac, Count de Polignac (1781) – married Marie Charlotte Le Vassor de la Touche, had issue.

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Queen Marie Antoinette of France. source: Wikipedia

In 1775, Gabrille and her husband were invited to visit Versailles by her sister-in-law, Diane de Polignac, who was a lady-in-waiting to Princess Elizabeth of France, the younger sister of King Louis XVI. Gabrielle was formally presented to Queen Marie Antoinette who instantly took a liking to her and soon asked her to move permanently to Versailles. Heavily in debt, this was not a move that Gabrielle and her husband could afford. Despite their aristocratic background, there was little money for extravagance. They lived on Jules’s military salary of just 4,000 livres and were heavily in debt. Becoming aware of this, The Queen quickly arranged to settle their debts and find a better position for Jules within the royal household.

From all accounts, Gabrielle was greatly welcomed by the French royal family, however, the feeling was not the same from many other members of the court who questioned her motives and were wary of her very quick accession to the highest level of the Queen’s entourage. Many also resented Marie Antoinette’s immense generosity shown to Gabrielle and her family. Not only were their debts resolved but they began to live a very lavish lifestyle – primarily funded by The Queen. Further adding to the resentment came in 1780 when Gabrielle’s husband was created Duke of Polignac, making Gabrielle a Duchess.

In 1782, Gabrielle was appointed Governess to the children of France, a move which further alienated other members of the Court who felt Gabrielle was not of a sufficient social status for such a prominent position. She took up new apartments within the Palace of Versailles – significantly larger than any of her predecessors – and was given her own small cottage at the Hameau de la Reine – the Queen’s private retreat on the grounds of the Petit Trianon.

Joseph Hyacinthe François de Paule de Rigaud, Count of Vaudreuil. source: Wikipedia

Gabrielle briefly fell out of favor with the Queen in 1785, primarily due to her friendship with the Count of Vaudreuil whom the Queen did not trust. Rumors spread that Gabrielle and the Count were having an affair and that he may have been the father of her youngest son, but this is disrupted by most historians. Sensing the Queen’s displeasure, Gabrielle left Versailles for an extended vacation in England. The two soon mended their relationship and became close once again in the months leading up to the French Revolution. However, the world would quickly change for everyone at Court, following the storming of the Bastille in July 1789. Gabrielle and her family fled France, traveling throughout Europe before eventually settling in Vienna. During this time, she remained in close contact with The Queen for the next several years.

Having developed what is believed to be cancer, her health quickly began to decline. Just two months after the Queen’s execution, Gabrielle, the Duchess of Polignac, died in Vienna on December 3, 1793, at the age of 44.

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Virginia Oldoïni, Countess of Castiglione was the mistress of Emperor Napoleon III of France from 1856-1857.

Virginia Oldoïni, Countess of Castiglione; source: Wikipedia

Virginia Elisabetta Luisa Carlotta Antonietta Teresa Maria Oldoïni was born on March 22, 1837 in Florence. She was the only daughter of Marquis Filippo Oldoïni – later the Italian Ambassador to Portugal – and Isabella Lamporecchi. At the age of 17, she married Francesco Verasis, Count of Castiglione on January 9, 1854. A year later she gave birth to her only child, a son Georgio.

Elsewhere in Europe at the time, there was an effort being made to establish a unified and independent Kingdom of Italy. A cousin of Virginia’s – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who served as a minister to King Vittorio Emanuele II of Sardinia (and later as the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy) – saw the young beautiful Virginia as a way to gain the attention – and support – of the French Emperor Napoleon III. At her cousin’s request, Virginia and her husband traveled to Paris on Christmas Day in 1855. Just a few weeks later, she was presented to the Emperor at a ball held at the home of Princess Mathilde Bonaparte, and within a few months, she had become his mistress. While such relationships were usually maintained with some level of discretion, Virginia and the Emperor made no secret of theirs. The scandal and humiliation led to a formal separation between Virginia and her husband.

Virginia Oldoïni, Countess of Castiglione; source: Wikipedia

Virginia’s affair with the Emperor ended in 1857, and she returned to Italy. Four years later, the Kingdom of Italy was established, and Virginia maintained that her influence had, in part, contributed to the unification. By 1861, she had moved to France where she settled in Passy before returning to Paris. By then a very wealthy woman, she devoted much of her time and fortune to her newfound passion – photography.

La Dame de Coeurs. source: Metropolitan Museum of Art

In 1856, Virginia began posing for Pierre-Louis Pierson, a photographer favored by the Imperial Court. Many of the photographs depicted specific moments from her life, while others were recreations of historical figures. One, shown above, titled La Dame de Coeurs (The Lady of Hearts), was displayed in the Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1867. Over the next forty years, Virginia sat for more than 700 photographs – all very carefully choreographed by Virginia herself. After her death, Robert de Montesquiou, a noted poet and art collector, amassed over 400 of these photographs, many of which are now held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

Countess of Castiglione, photographed in 1893. source: Wikipedia

In her later years, following the death of her estranged husband in 1867 and her son in 1979, Virginia became a virtual recluse, rarely leaving her apartments in Paris. No longer having the immense beauty of her youth, she had all her mirrors covered and refused to go out in public until after dark, always draping herself in scarves to avoid anyone seeing her face. In the mid-1890s, perhaps in an attempt to recapture her youth, she collaborated with Pierson once again for a series of photographs – many of them in the same costumes and outfits from years earlier.

Virginia Oldoïni, Countess of Castiglione died on November 28, 1899 at the age of 62. She is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, France.

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Maria Walewska was a member of the Polish nobility, and became the mistress of the French Emperor Napoleon I, with whom she had one son.

photo: By François Gérard – Own work image taken by Mathiasrex, Maciej Szczepańczyk, 30 November 2013, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29934370

Countess Maria Łączyńska was born in Kiernozia, Poland on December 7, 1786, one of seven children of Count Mateusz Łączyński and Eva Zaborowska. She was privately educated for several years by Nicolas Chopin, the father of famed composer Frederic Chopin. Later, she attended the Our Lady of the Assumption convent in Warsaw, to complete her education in the manner expected of those from the aristocracy.

In 1804, Marie married Athenasius Count Colonna-Walewski, a former Chamberlain to the last King of Poland. She was just 17 at the time, while her husband was in his late 60s. Later Marie would say that her family pushed her into the marriage against her will. The couple had one son, Antoni Colonna-Walewski, born in 1805.

Emperor Napoleon I. source: Wikipedia

Marie first met Napoleon on January 1, 1807, when the Emperor passed through Blonie on his way to Warsaw. According to her memoirs, Marie and a cousin rushed to join the crowds, hoping to get a glimpse of his carriage. A French officer saw her trying to get closer and brought her over to Napoleon’s carriage to greet him personally. The Emperor gave her a bouquet which was sitting in his carriage, and said he hoped they would meet again soon, perhaps in Warsaw.

Shortly after that first meeting, Marie was invited to attend a ball held in Warsaw, where she again met the Emperor who was quickly smitten with her. The next day, the grand marshal of the palace arrived at her home with a large bouquet of flowers and a sealed letter from Napoleon. Several more letters followed before Marie agreed – with the consent of her family and her husband – to become the Emperor’s mistress. This was also encouraged by the members of the Polish aristocracy who hoped that this relationship might help them in their quest for Poland to regain its independence. Marie states in her memoirs that she agreed to the affair for this reason alone.

Their affair was very well known, yet they took every effort to keep it a secret. Marie would only come to see Napoleon at night, secretly entering and leaving the palace in darkness. She later took up apartments adjoining his at Finckenstein Palace in East Prussia which Napoleon used as his field headquarters. Still, she refused to leave the palace for fear of being seen and having their relationship discovered. When Napoleon moved to Vienna, she moved into a house adjacent to Schönbrunn Palace where the Emperor was living. During this time, she became pregnant and on May 4, 1810, she gave birth to her only child with the Emperor, Alexandre Joseph. Although Napoleon’s son, he was recognized as the son of her husband and was titled Count Alexandre Joseph Colonna-Walewski.

The following year, she followed the Emperor back to Paris. There, she was given a large residence on the Rue de Montmorency as well as a very generous allowance. However, around the same time, her romance with Napoleon came to an end. He was planning to divorce his wife Josephine and marry Marie Louise of Austria. The end was very amicable, and Napoleon ensured that Marie and their son were very well provided for financially.

Philippe Antoine, Count d’Ornano. source: Wikipedia

In 1812, Marie divorced her husband and received half of his estates, which in addition to the money provided by the Emperor, made Marie a very wealthy woman. Four years later, in September 1816, she married for a second time to Philippe Antoine, Count d’Ornano, a prominent military leader and a second cousin of Napoleon. They settled in Liege, and Marie became pregnant right away. In January 1817, while on a visit to Poland, she was diagnosed with a kidney disease, which became worse due to her pregnancy. The couple’s only child – Rudolph Augustus d’Ornano was born in Liege on June 9, 1817. However, Marie’s health continued to deteriorate. Over the next several months, she dictated her memoirs to her secretary. The Countess d’Ornano died in Paris on December 11, 1817, at just 31 years old. Per her wishes, her heart was interred in the Ornano family crypt at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, while her body was returned to Poland and buried with her family in Kiernozia.

Marie’s coffin in the family crypt in Kiernozia, Poland. photo: By Jolanta Dyr – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25352176

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Madame de Pompadour was the official mistress of King Louis XV of France from 1745 until 1750, and continued to serve as one of the King’s closest confidantes until her death in 1764.

Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Madame de Pompadou.source: Wikipedia

Jeanne Antoinette Poisson was born to François Poisson and Madeleine de la Motte on December 29, 1721. It is believed that her biological father was Charles Le Normant de Tournehem, who later became her guardian in 1725 after her father was forced to leave France over a large number of unpaid debts. Tournehem arranged for Jeanne to receive the best possible education at a convent in Poissy, but due to her ill health – believed to be whooping cough – she returned back to Paris just four years later, where she continued her education at home. According to rumor, her mother consulted a fortune teller who foretold that Jeanne would one day “reign over the heart of a King”. This led to her being given the nickname “Reinette” (little queen).

In 1741, Tournehem arranged for Jeanne to marry his nephew, Charles Guillaume Le Normant d’Étoiles. As part of the alliance, he made d’Étoiles his sole heir, and gifted Jeanne with a large estate at Étoiles, adjacent to one of the royal hunting grounds. The couple had two children:

• Charles Guillaume Louis d’Étoiles (1741) – died in infancy
• Alexandrine Le Normant d’Étoiles (1744) – died in childhood

Her marriage gained her access to Parisian high society and soon she was one of the prominent hostesses at her home at Étoiles. By 1742, the King had been made aware of her, and soon she began to pursue him. After crossing paths several times, Jeanne was soon invited to a masked ball in February 1745. At the ball, the King publicly declared his affection for her and by the following month, she was his mistress. She was given apartments directly about the King’s at the Palace of Versailles and was officially separated from her husband two months later. In order to allow her to be present at court, the King purchased the Marquisate of Pompadour and gifted the estate and a coat of arms to Jeanne. She was now the Marquise de Pompadour. Later that year, she made her formal entry to court and quickly ingratiated herself with the Queen, determined to establish good relationships with the members of the royal family.

King Louis XV of France. source: Wikipedia

Perhaps closer to the King than anyone else in his life, Jeanne exerted significant influence on him when it came to both personal and political matters. Louis relied greatly on her advice and support, and in turn, was immensely generous in his gifts to her.

Most prominent among the King’s gifts were the properties and estates that Jeanne received. In 1746, the King purchased the estate of Crécy, and that same year gave her a large area within the Park of Versailles where a beautiful house and gardens were built for her. In 1748, the King gave her a large estate in Meudon where she had the Château de Bellevue built over the next two years. During this time, the nearby Château de La Celle was added to her growing list of properties, providing her with someplace nearby to live while overseeing the construction of Bellevue.

By 1750, her physical relationship with the King had ended, but unlike other mistresses who had been cast off, Jeanne remained at the King’s side, continuing to be his closest advisor and confidante. She also worked toward exposing Louis to the arts and culture, promoting festivals and theatrical performances, and consistently inviting new artists and artisans to the French court. Despite their romantic relationship being over, the King’s gifts continued to show his deep affection and respect for Jeanne.

At the end of 1753, King Louis purchased the Hotel d’Evreux in Paris to provide Jeanne with her own residence in the city. However, Jeanne spent most of her time at Versailles or visiting her daughter, and avoided Paris as much as possible. Public sentiment in the city was never in her favor, as most resented the fact that she was a commoner enjoying the company of their King. Years later, the property would become known as the Elysée Palace, and now serves as the official residence of the President of France.

In 1756, she was appointed Lady of the Palace to the Queen, the highest possible position at the French court, and in 1760, he purchased the Marquisate of Menars and Jeanne was created Marquise de Menars. Three years later, he elevated Menars to a duchy, making Jeanne the Duchess de Menars.

Madame de Pompadour.source: Wikipedia

After having been at the French court for twenty years, Jeanne’s constant ill-health began to take its toll on her. She contracted tuberculosis and became gravely ill. During this time, the King personally helped to care for her, but with no success. On April 15, 1764, in her apartments at the Palace of Versailles, Madame de Pompadour died at the age of 42. Per her wishes, she was buried in the chapel of the Capuchin convent in Paris, alongside her mother and daughter. In her will, she left many of her properties to the King, while the rest were inherited by her brother.

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