Category Archives: Current Monarchies

King Albert II of Belgium

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

 

King Albert II of Belgium

King Albert II of Belgium (Albert Félix Humbert Théodore Christian Eugène Marie) was born at Stuyvenberg Castle in Laeken, Brussels, Belgium on June 6, 1934, the youngest child of the future King Leopold III and Princess Astrid of Sweden. He was given the name Albert in honor of his grandfather Albert I, King of the Belgians who was killed in a mountain climbing accident on February 17, 1934, four months before his birth. The day after his birth, he was created The Prince of Liège.

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Albert being carried into the church for his christening. He is followed by his father and mother and then his elder sister and elder brother.

Albert was christened in June 1934 at the Church of Saint-Jacques-sur-Coudenberg in Brussels, Belgium. His godparents were:

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Albert on the left with his siblings

Albert had two older siblings:

Albert also had three half-siblings from his father’s second marriage to  Lilian Baels:

Albert’s early years were rather tumultuous, with several deaths in his immediate family, and the onset of World War II. Just a few months before his birth, his grandfather, King Albert I died in a mountain climbing accident, and his father became King Leopold III. And the following year, on August 29, 1935, his mother Queen Astrid was killed in a car accident in Switzerland. In May 1940, when the German forces were invading Belgium, Albert and his siblings were evacuated from Belgium, settling in France and then Spain, before returning in August of the same year. For much of the next four years, the family was under house arrest at the Palace of Laeken, where Albert and his siblings were schooled privately.

In 1944, the family was sent to Germany and then to Austria by the Germans, where they would remain until being liberated by American forces in 1945. Because of the tense political situation in Belgium, the family settled in Switzerland for several years, while King Leopold III’s brother, Charles, served as Regent. While in Switzerland, Albert and his brother attended the Institut Le Rosey, in Rolle. Finally, in July 1950, Albert, his brother Albert and his father returned to Belgium. However, the political situation was still tense, and there were many questions about King Leopold’s actions relating to the war. So, the following month, King Leopold would transfer much of his authority to his elder son, Baudouin, and would end up abdicating in his favor in 1951. As Baudouin was unmarried and had no children, Albert became the heir-presumptive to the Belgian throne.

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In November 1958, while at a reception in Rome for the coronation of Pope John XXIII, Albert met Paola Ruffo di Calabria, from an Italian princely family.  Following a brief courtship, their engagement was announced in early 1959. The couple married on July 2, 1959, at the Cathedral of Saint Michael and Saint Gudula in Brussels.

They took up residence at the Château de Belvédère, in the Royal Park of Laeken, and had three children:

During his years as heir presumptive, Albert’s primary role was as Honorary President of the Board of Directors of the Belgian Foreign Trade Office. In this position, he traveled extensively on trade missions and promoting Belgian companies around the world. He held this position from 1962 until his accession in 1993 and was succeeded by his son, Prince Philippe. He was also President of the Belgian Red Cross from 1958 until 1993 and was succeeded by his daughter, Princess Astrid.

On July 31, 1993, King Baudouin died suddenly at his vacation home in Portugal. Albert became King Albert II of the Belgians and was formally sworn in on August 9th. Breaking with tradition, he chose to remain at the Château de Belvédère, and not move to the Palace of Laeken which had traditionally been the home of the sovereign.

In 1999, stories began to emerge that the King had fathered an illegitimate daughter. According to the allegations, Albert had an affair with Baroness Sybille de Selys Longchamps Boël, and a daughter was born in 1968. This daughter, Delphine Boël, made attempts to prove legally that she was Albert’s daughter. However, King Albert never made any public acknowledgment of these allegations.  In November 2018, a court ruling ordered Albert to submit to a DNA test to determine whether he is Boël’s biological father.  In May 2019, a Brussels Court of Appeals sentenced the former king to pay a fine of 5,000 Euros per day for every day he refuses to take a DNA test. Later in May 2019, Albert agreed to submit his DNA for a paternity test.  In January 2020, it was made public that the King is, in fact, Delphine Boël’s biological father.  In October 2020, the Belgian Court of Appeal ruled that Delphine is entitled to the title of Princess of Belgium as well as the style of Royal Highness.  This also applies to her children.  She is also entitled to inherit one-quarter of the former King’s estate – a share equal to those of his legitimate children.

King Albert’s illegitimate daughter with Baroness Sybille de Selys Longchamps Boël:

  • Princess Delphine of Belgium (born 1968), married James O’Hare, an American, had two children, now styled Princess Joséphine of Belgium and Prince Oscar of Belgium

A photo made available by the Belgian Royal Palace of Queen Paola, King Albert, and Princess Delphine; Credit – Belgium Royal Palace

On October 25, 2020, King Albert and his wife Queen Paola met with Princess Delphine for the first time since she was recognized as a royal at Belvédère Castle in Brussels. A joint statement by all three was released: “On Sunday, October 25, a new chapter began, filled with emotions, appeasement, understanding and also of hope. Our meeting took place at Belvédère Castle, a meeting during which each of us was able to express our feelings and experiences serenely and with empathy. After the turmoil, suffering, and hurt, it is time for forgiveness, healing, and reconciliation. Together we decided to take this new path. This will take patience and effort, but we are determined.”

 

In early July 2013, King Albert announced his intention to abdicate, citing health reasons. On July 21, 2013, Belgium’s National Day, he signed the formal document of abdication and was succeeded by his son, King Philippe. King Albert and Queen Paola have remained largely out of the public eye, preferring to live a more quiet retirement, enjoying time with their children and twelve grandchildren.

King Albert and Queen Paola at the wedding of the grandson, Prince Amadeo, July 2014. photo: Zimbio

King Albert and Queen Paola at the wedding of their grandson, Prince Amadeo, July 2014.  photo: Zimbio

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Kingdom of Belgium Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Rulers of the United Arab Emirates

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

 

Credit – Twitter page of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

Rulers of the United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates – Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain – established in 1971. Each emirate has its own ruler, and one of the rulers is elected as President and Head of State of the UAE. This is currently the Emir of Abu Dhabi. There is also a Vice-President and Prime Minister who serves as Head of Government. This is currently the Emir of Dubai. Together, the seven rulers make up the Federal Supreme Council, the highest legislative body in the UAE.

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Emir of Abu Dhabi; Credit – Wikipedia

The Emir of Abu Dhabi is Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. He was born on March 11, 1961, and is the son of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Emir of Abu Dhabi, the first President of the United Arab Emirates, and Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi, his third of seven wives.

Sheikh Mohamed became Emir of Abu Dhabi upon the death of his half-brother Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan on May 13, 2022, and was elected President of the United Arab Emirates the next day. Sheikh Mohamed had been the de facto ruler of Abu Dhabi since his half-brother Sheikh Khalifa suffered a stroke in 2014.

Sheikh Mohamed was first educated at The Royal College in Rabat, Morocco, where he was a classmate of King Mohammed VI of Morocco. Sheikh Mohamed then returned to his hometown of Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, and completed his secondary education. He attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in Sandhurst, England, graduating in 1979.

Sheikh Khalid bin Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi; Credit – By Shazinsharaf – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=89976923

In 1981, Sheikh Mohamed married Sheikha Salama bint Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Nahyan. They had four sons and five daughters including Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, born in 1982, who is the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.

The Emirate of Dubai

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Emir of Dubai, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE photo: Sheikh Mohammed Official website

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Emir of Dubai, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE.  photo: Sheikh Mohammed Official website

The Emir of Dubai is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. He was born July 15, 1949, the third son of Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Emir of Dubai from 1958-to 1990.

He was educated in Dubai and attended the Bell Educational Trust’s English Language school in the United Kingdom. He was named Crown Prince in 1995 by his elder brother, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, who had succeeded their father as Emir of Dubai in 1990. Sheikh Mohammed became the Emir of Dubai in 2006 after the death of his brother Sheikh Maktoum. Following his brother’s death in January 2006, Sheikh Mohammed became Emir of Dubai, and was elected the Vice President of the United Arab Emirates.

Of the seven rulers in the UAE, Sheikh Mohammed is one of the more widely known around the world. An avid fan of horse racing and breeding, he owns several major horse farms around the world. He is often seen at races in the UK, the most prominent being Royal Ascot, held each year in Windsor.

Sheikh Mohammed’s senior wife is Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum, his first cousin. They married in 1979, and have twelve children including his son and heir, Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammad Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai, and Chairman of the Dubai Executive Council.

Sheikh Haman, Crown Prince of Dubai. photo: Emirates24/7

Sheikh Haman, Crown Prince of Dubai. photo: Emirates24/7

In 2004, Sheikh Mohammed married Princess Haya bint Hussein of Jordan, daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan, and half-sister of King Abdullah II of Jordan, as his junior wife. The couple had two children. Sheikh Mohammed divorced Princess Haya under Sharia Law in February 2019 but he did not inform her. In the early summer of 2019, Princess Haya took her two children and fled to London where she sought political asylum and a divorce. Haya now lives in London and as an envoy of the Embassy of Jordan, she is able to remain in the United Kingdom and was granted diplomatic immunity and protection under the Geneva Convention.

 In March 2020, the High Court in London ruled that Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum inflicted “exorbitant” domestic abuse on his wife and granted Princess Haya sole custody of their children. In 2021, Haya was granted full custody of her children by a British court.  In March 2022, the British High Court declared that Haya had been a victim of “domestic abuse”, and she was announced as the sole person in charge of the children’s schooling and medical care.

Sheikh Mohammed and Princess Haya at Royal Ascot, 2014 photo: Zimbio

Sheikh Mohammed and Princess Haya at Royal Ascot, 2014 photo: Zimbio

The Emirate of Ajman

Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi, Emir of Ajman photo: Government of Ajman

Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi, Emir of Ajman
Photo: Government of Ajman

The Emir of Ajman is Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi. He was born in 1931, the son of Sheikh Rashid Bin Humaid Al Nuaimi. The Emir was educated in Dubai and later studied in Cairo. He became involved in government after Ajman joined the UAE in 1971, serving as deputy ruler and Crown Prince. He became ruler of Ajman upon his father’s death, on September 6, 1981.

His eldest son and heir is Sheikh Ammar bin Humaid Al Nuaimi, Crown Prince and President of the Executive Board.

Sheikh Ammar, The Crown Prince of Ajman photo: emeratnow.com

Sheikh Ammar, The Crown Prince of Ajman
photo: emeratnow.com

The Emirate of Fujairah

Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi, Emir of Fujairah photo: Fujairah News

Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi, Emir of Fujairah.  photo: Fujairah News

The Emir of Fujairah is Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi. He was born September 25, 1948, the son of Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad Al Sharqi, Emir of Fujairah.

Sheikh Hamad attended the Eastbourne School of English, and the Mons Military Academy, both in the UK. He served as Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries for several years before taking the throne. He became Emir of Fujairah upon his father’s death in 1974.

He is married to Sheikha Fatima bint Thani Al Maktoum and the couple has six children, including his heir, Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi, Crown Prince of Fujairah.

Sheikh Mohammed, The Crown Prince of Fujairah photo: Fujairah News

Sheikh Mohammed, The Crown Prince of Fujairah
photo: Fujairah News

The Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah

Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi, Emir of Ras al-Khaimah photo: Emirates24/7

Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi, Emir of Ras al-Khaimah
photo: Emirates24/7

The Emir of Ras al-Khaimah is Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi. He was born February 10, 1956, in Dubai, the son of Sheikh Saqr bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, Emir of Ras al-Khaimah.

Initially educated in Ras al-Khaimah, he later studied economics at the American University of Beirut. Following the outbreak of war in Beirut, he transferred to the University of Michigan, graduating with a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics and Political Science.

Sheikh Saud was appointed Crown Prince and Deputy Ruler in 2003 when his father removed his elder brother from the position. He became Emir of Ras al-Khaimah upon his father’s death in October 2010.

His son, Sheikh Mohammed bin Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi is Crown Prince and Deputy Ruler of Ras al-Khaimah.

Sheikh Mohammad, Crown Prince of Ras al_Khaimah photo: Wikipedia

Sheikh Mohammad, Crown Prince of Ras al_Khaimah
photo: Wikipedia

The Emirate of Sharjah

Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Emir of Sharjah photo: UAEinteract.com

Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Emir of Sharjah
photo: UAEinteract.com

The Emir of Sharjah is Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi. He was born July 6, 1939, the son of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Saqr Bin Khalid Al Qasimi and Sheikha Maryam Bint Ghanem Bin Salem Al Shamsi.

Sheikh Sultan received his primary education in Sharjah, Kuwait City, and Dubai. He then attended Cairo University, receiving his Bachelor’s Degree in Agricultural Engineering in 1971. In 1985, he earned a Doctorate in Philosophy with distinction in history from Exeter University in the UK; and in 1999, earned a second Doctorate in Philosophy in Political Geography from Durham University in the UK. He is a noted historian and has published numerous books and theatrical works.

His senior wife was Sheikha Moza bint Salim bin Mohammed bin Manee Al Falasi, with whom he had two children. His eldest son, Crown Prince Mohammed, passed away in 1999. His second wife is Sheikha Jawaher bint Sheikh Mohammed bin Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi, with whom he has four children. Sheikh Sultan became Emir of Sharjah in 1972, following the death of his brother, Sheikh Khalid III bin Muhammed al-Qasimi.

The Crown Prince of Sharjah photo: Government of Sharjah

The Crown Prince of Sharjah
photo: Government of Sharjah

Following his son’s death, Sheikh Sultan named a distant relative, Sheikh Sultan Bin Mohammed Bin Sultan al-Qasimi, as Crown Prince and Deputy Ruler of Sharjah.

The Emirate of Umm al-Quwain

Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mu’alla, Emir of Umm al-Quwain photo: paragarme.com

Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mu’alla, Emir of Umm al-Quwain; photo: paragarme.com

The Emir of Umm al-Quwain is Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mu’alla. He was born October 1, 1952, the son of Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmed Al Mu’alla, Emir of Umm al-Quwain. He received his primary education in Umm al-Quwain and attended high school in Lebanon. He then earned his degree in Economics from Cairo University in 1974. He was named Crown Prince in 1982.  Sheikh Saud succeeded as Emir of Umm al-Quwain in 2009, upon his father’s death.

He is married to Sheikha Sumaya bint Saqr bint Mohammed al Qasimi, a sister of the Emir of Ras al-Khaimah. The couple has ten children including Sheikh Rashid bin Saud bin Rashid Al Mu’alla, The Crown Prince of Umm al-Quwain.

The Crown Prince of Umm al-Quwain photo: UAE Football Association

The Crown Prince of Umm al-Quwain
photo: UAE Football Association

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King Tupou VI of Tonga

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

Kingdom of Tonga: Tonga consists of 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited, in the south Pacific Ocean, about 1,100 miles/1,800 kilometers northeast of New Zealand’s North Island.

Tonga has long been a monarchy and by the 12th century, Tonga and its Paramount Chiefs had a strong reputation throughout the central Pacific Ocean. Tonga became a kingdom in 1845 and has been ruled by the House of Tupou. From 1900 to 1970, Tonga had a protected state status with the United Kingdom which looked after its foreign affairs under a Treaty of Friendship.

The order of succession to the throne of Tonga was established in the 1875 constitution. The crown descends according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture – a female can succeed if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants.

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Credit – Wikipedia

King Tupou VI of Tonga

King Tupou VI of Tonga was born on July 12, 1959, at the Royal Palace in Nuku’aolfa, Tonga. He is the youngest son of King Tupou IV and Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe, and the younger brother of the late King George Tupou V. His given name at birth was ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho. In keeping with Tongan tradition, he was later given three chiefly titles – Lavaka, ‘Ulukalala and Ata – which would typically replace his given name. He would be known by any combination of these titles until becoming Crown Prince. At that point, he retained the Lavaka title but passed the other two to his sons. (To avoid confusion, we’ll be referring to him as Lavaka).

Following his early schooling in Tonga, Lavaka attended The Leys School in Cambridge, England, graduating in 1977, and earned a degree in Development Studies from the University of East Anglia in 1980. A military career followed. Lavaka joined the Tongan Navy where he would serve until 1998. During this time, he attended the US Naval War College, graduating in 1988, and earn his Master’s Degree in Defense Studies from the University of New South Wales (Australia) in 1997. After leaving the military, he attended Bond University in Australia, earning another Master’s Degree – in International Relations – in 1999.

Lavaka was also involved in the Tongan government, serving as Defense Minister and Foreign Minister for several years. In 2000, he was appointed Prime Minister, a position he would hold until 2006. In September 2006, his father King Tupou IV died and his elder brother took the throne as King George Tupou V. As the new King was not married and had no legitimate children, Lavaka was the heir-presumptive. Just days later, he was formally granted the title of Crown Prince (Tupoutoʻa).

Queen Nanasipauʻu; Credit – Wikipedia

He is married to Nanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho, his second cousin. The couple has three children:

In 2008, Lavaka was appointed as Tonga’s first High Commissioner to Australia and took up residence in Canberra. He would remain in this position until March 18, 2012. On that day, his elder brother, King George Tupou V, passed away and Lavaka ascended the Tongan throne as King Tupou VI.

King Tupou VI after his coronation ceremony; Credit – Wikipedia

King Tupou VI and Queen Nanasipau’u were crowned in a ceremony conducted at Centenary Church in Nuku’alofa. Tonga on July 4, 2015. The celebrations included many international invited guests, and an estimated 15,000 people lined the roads.

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Queen Sirikit of Thailand

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

Sirikit

Queen Sirikit of Thailand; Credit – Wikipedia

Sirikit Kitiyakara was born on August 12, 1932, in Bangkok, Siam, now called Thailand. She is the third of four children of Prince Nakkhatra Mangkala Kitiyakara and Bua Snidvongs. Queen Sirikit’s paternal grandfather Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana was the twelfth son of King Chulalongkorn.  The Queen shares a descent from King Chulalongkorn with her husband King Bhumibol and they are first cousins once removed. Queen Sirikit has two older brothers and one younger sister: Galyanakit Kitiyakara (1929 – 1987), Adulyakit Kitiyakara (1930 – 2004), and Busba Kitiyakara (born 1934).

Sirikit_engagement

King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit (back row in the middle) and her family in Lausanne, Switzerland on July 19, 1949, when their engagement took place; Credit – thailand.prd.go.th

Queen Sirikit began her primary education at the Rajini School in Bangkok, Thailand. She then attended St. Francis Xavier Convent School in the Samsen District of Bangkok. Her father, later on, became Thai Ambassador to France and Denmark and finally Ambassador to the Court of St. James in England. Queen Sirikit accompanied her father and was educated in all three countries.

King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand succeeded to the throne on June 9, 1946, upon the death of his older brother King Ananda Mahidol from a gunshot wound under circumstances that have never been fully explained. At the time, the 18-year-old Bhumibol Adulyadej was attending the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. He returned to the university after his brother’s death and continued his studies.

During his university days, King Bhumibol Adulyadej frequently visited Paris and it was there that he met his future wife Sirikit Kitiyakara who was the daughter of the Thai ambassador to France. Both Sirikit and King Bhumibol Adulyadej were studying at the Thai embassy and a relationship developed. In October of 1948, King Bhumibol Adulyadej had a serious car accident on a road near Lausanne, Switzerland, and lost his right eye and wore a prosthetic for the rest of his life. Sirikit visited him frequently during his hospital stay and decided to attend school in Lausanne so she could get to know the king better.

The couple got engaged on July 19, 1949, and married at Srapathum Palace in Bangkok, Thailand on April 28, 1950, just a week before the king’s coronation. After the coronation on May 5, 1950, the 22-year-old king and the 17-year-old queen returned to their studies in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Sirikit_wedding

Queen Sirikit and King Bhumibol on their wedding day; Credit – thailand.prd.go.th

The couple had three daughters and one son:

In 1956, King Bhumibol became a Buddhist monk for a period of time as is customary for Thai Buddhist males and Queen Sirikit served as Regent. Because of the excellent way she served as Regent, King Bhumibol gave her the style “Somdet Phra Nang Chao Sirikit Phra Borommarachininat” which would translate to Queen Regent.

Queen Sirikit is well known for her charitable work. She has been President of the Thai Red Cross Society since 1956. Through the Thai Red Cross, the Queen has been active in relief work for the many refugees from Cambodia and Burma in Thailand. The Queen took an active role in the aftermath of the tsunami disaster in southern Thailand in December 2004. Tragically, the tsunami took the life of her grandson Bhumi Jensen, the son of her eldest daughter.

The health of King Bhumibol Adulyadej declined in his later years. The king resided at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok for several years. On July 21, 2012, Queen Sirikit felt unsteady and staggered while exercising at Siriraj Hospital where King Bhumibol Adulyadej resided. Doctors determined that she has suffered a stroke. The Queen was not seen in public until August 2013 when the King was discharged from the hospital. Since then, Queen Sirikit has refrained from making public appearances.  King Bhumibol Adulyadej died on October 13, 2016, at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, at the age of 88, following several years of illness.

 

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King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

 

King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand was born December 5, 1927, at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts in the United States. He was the youngest of three children of Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and his commoner wife Princess Srinagarindra.  At the time of King Bhumibol’s birth, his father was studying medicine at Harvard Medical School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

King Bhumibol had two siblings:

  • Princess Galyani Vadhana (1923 – 2008), married (1) Colonel Aram Rattanakul Serireongrit, had one daughter, divorced  (2) Prince Varananda Dhavaj, no children
  • King Ananda Mahidol (1925 – 1946), unmarried, King Bhumibol’s predecessor on the throne
Bhumibol_siblings

King Bhumibol on his mother’s lap with his brother and sister; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

In 1928, King Bhumibol’s family went back to Thailand after his father received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School. On September 24, 1929, King Bhumibol’s father Prince Mahidol Adulyadej died of kidney failure at the age of 37. Prince Mahidol Adulyadej did much to improve medicine and public health in Thailand and is considered to be the father of modern medicine and public health of Thailand.

King Bhumibol began his education at Mater Dei School in Bangkok, Thailand. In 1933, King Bhumibol along with his mother and siblings moved to Switzerland where he attended Ecole Nouvelle de la Suisse Romande in Lausanne Switzerland. In 1934, King Prajadhipok, King Bhumibol’s uncle, abdicated and as he had no children, King Bhumibol’s 9-year-old brother Ananda Mahidol became king. The family remained in Switzerland and regents were appointed to take over the duties of the young king. King Bhumibol completed his secondary education at the Gymnase Classique Cantonal of Lausanne and received a baccalauréat des lettres (high-school diploma with a major in French literature, Latin, and Greek). King Bhumibol began studying at the University of Lausanne but returned to Thailand in 1945 when World War II ended.

In his childhood, King Bhumibol began two hobbies that would become lifelong passions. At the age of seven, he received his first camera and after that wherever he went, his camera went also.  Some of his many photographs are displayed at the King Bhumibol Photographic Museum. In 1942 at the age of 15, King Bhumibol became a jazz enthusiast and started to play the saxophone. He was an accomplished jazz saxophone player and composer, playing Dixieland and New Orleans jazz. The King also played the clarinet, trumpet, guitar, and piano.

 

On June 9, 1946, King Bhumibol became king at the age of 18. King Bhumibol’s brother King Ananda Mahidol was found shot dead in his bedroom in the Boromphiman Throne Hall at the Grand Palace in Bangkok, four days before he was scheduled to return to Switzerland to finish his doctoral degree in law at the University of Lausanne. The circumstances of King Ananda Mahidol’s death have never been fully explained. At the end of the mourning period, King Bhumibol returned to Switzerland to complete his university studies.

During his university days, King Bhumibol frequently visited Paris and it was there that he met his future wife Sirikit Kitiyakara who was the daughter of the Thai ambassador to France. In October of 1948, King Bhumibol Adulyadej had a serious car accident on a road near Lausanne, Switzerland, and lost his right eye and wore a prosthetic for the rest of his life.  Sirikit visited him frequently during his hospital stay and decided to attend school in Lausanne so she could get to know the king better. The couple got engaged on July 19, 1949, and married at Srapathum Palace in Bangkok, Thailand on April 28, 1950, just a week before the king’s coronation. After the coronation on May 5, 1950, the 22-year-old king and the 17-year-old queen returned to their studies in Lausanne, Switzerland. The couple had three daughters and one son:

Bhumbol_and_Sirikit

King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit on their wedding day; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

King Bhumibol’s coronation was held on May 5, 1950, at the Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand. On Coronation Day, King Bhumibol’s consort was made Queen.  On June 9, 2006, King Bhumibol celebrated his 60th anniversary as the King of Thailand, becoming the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history.

Bhumibol_coronation

Coronation of King Bhumibol Adulyadej; Photo Credit – www.phuketgazette.net

The health of King Bhumibol Adulyadej declined in his later years. The King resided at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok for several years.  He left the hospital in August 2013 but returned intermittently until 2015 when he returned to the hospital permanently.

 

On the occasion of his 85th birthday, December 5, 2012, King Bhumibol made an appearance on the palace balcony. Hundreds of thousands of Thais waving flags crowded around Bangkok’s Royal Plaza to witness a rare public appearance by their revered and ailing king. Queen Sirikit did not attend. She has not made public appearances since suffering a stroke in July of 2012.
BBC: Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej celebrates 85th birthday (video)

 

King Bhumibol Adulyadej died on October 13, 2016, at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, at the age of 88, following several years of illness.  At the time of his death, he was the world’s longest-reigning current monarch, having reigned for 70 years and 126 days.  The King’s son, Maha Vajiralongkorn was proclaimed King of Thailand following a period of personal mourning.   Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, did not want to be immediately named king to give the nation time to mourn his father’s death.

The King’s remains lay in state from October 16, 2016, until the cremation ceremony on October 26, 2017.  While the King’s remains lay in state, foreign dignitaries paid their respects.  The public square Sanam Luang was used as the cremation ground and on February 27, 2017, the construction of an elaborate, temporary crematorium began. The cremation took place on October 26, 2017, thirteen days after the first anniversary of the King’s death. On October 29, 2017, the royal ashes were enshrined at the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit.

The Royal Crematorium; Credit – Wikipedia

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King Mwsati III of Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

Mswati

King Mswati III of Eswatini; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

Note: In 2018, Swaziland was renamed Eswatini.

King Mswati III of Eswatini (born Prince Makhosetive Dlamini) was born on April 19, 1968, at Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini in the African country of Swaziland, called Eswatini since 2018.  His parents are King Sobhuza II of Swaziland and one of his younger wives, Ntfombi Tfwala.  King Mswati is one of many sons fathered by King Sobhuza II, but the only child of Ntfombi Tfwala. King Sobhuza II married 70 wives, who gave him 210 children between 1920 and 1970. About 180 children survived infancy. At his death, he had more than 1,000 grandchildren.

King Mswati attended primary school at the Masundwini Royal Residence and then attended the Lozitha Palace School. From 1983 to 1986, Mswati attended Sherborne International College in Dorset, England.

In 1982, King Sobhuza II died at the age of 83, having reigned for 82 years. A Swazi king cannot appoint his successor, nor is there a line of succession. A traditional council called the Liqoqo decides which of the wives shall be “Great Wife” and “Indlovukati” (She-Elephant / Queen Mother) after the death of a king. The “Great Wife” must be of good character and cannot be one of the first two wives (known as ritual wives) chosen for the king by the national councilors. The son of this “Great Wife” will automatically become the next king. 14-year-old Mswati was selected to be the next king. From 1982-1986, two wives of the late King Sobhuza II, Queen Dzeliwe Shongwe (1982–1983) and Mswati’s mother, Queen Ntfombi Tfwala, (1983–1986) served as regents. On April 25, 1986, 18-year-old King Mswati III was crowned. The king and his mother, whose title is Indlovukati (“Great She-Elephant”), rule jointly.

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King Mswati’s coronation; Photo Credit – news.bbc.co.uk

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Queen Ntfombi, Great She-Elephant; Credit – www.microdinero.com

A Swazi king’s first two wives are chosen for him by the national councilors. These two wives have special functions in rituals and their sons can never become kings. The first wife must be a member of the Matsebula clan and the second must come from the Motsa clan. The king then chooses his other wives, often at a festival called the Reed Dance.  A royal fiancée is called liphovela, or “bride”. They graduate from being fiancées to full wives as soon as they become pregnant when the king customarily marries them. In traditional Swazi culture, the king is expected to marry a woman from every clan in order to cement relationships with each part of Swaziland. This means that the king must have many wives. A listing of King Mswati’s wives and children can be seen here.

Eswatini and King Mswati are not without controversy. The country had the highest AIDs rate in the world, with 26.5% of the population HIV positive. 63% of Swazis live below the poverty line, surviving on less than US$1.25 per day. The king, who rules as an absolute monarch and appoints the prime minister and cabinet, enjoys many lavish parties and lives in luxury. His birthday is celebrated in front of thousands in a stadium where expensive gifts are presented to him on behalf of his people. Quite a few of his wives have complained of abuse and have left him. The mother of one of his wives said her daughter was kidnapped to become the king’s wife.

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King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

Abdullah_Saudi

King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia; Photo Credit – www.examiner.com

Arabic Naming Conventions

  • Al – family/clan of…
  • bin or ibn – son of…
  • bint – daughter of…

King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was born on August 1, 1924, in Riyadh, then in the Sultanate of Nejd, now in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  His father was the first King of Saudi Arabia, Abdulaziz,  also known as Ibn Saud. His mother was Sheikha Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim. King Abdullah had two younger full sisters: Nuf bint Abdulaziz and Seeta bint Abdulaziz (1930-2011) and many half-siblings.

King Abdulaziz had a polygamous household comprising several wives at a time and numerous concubines. It is thought he had a total of 22-24 wives. Abdulaziz was the father of almost a hundred children, including 45 sons of whom 36 survived to adulthood. The six Kings of Saudi Arabia who followed King Abdulaziz were all his sons.

King Abdullah received a formal religious education at the royal court. From his father, he developed a deep respect for religion, history, and Arab heritage. He spent years living in the desert with Bedouin tribes and learned their values of honor, simplicity, generosity, and bravery. It is thought that his mother’s descent from the powerful Shammar tribe and a speech impediment led to a delay in having equal status with the other sons of King Abdulaziz.

In 1962, the then Prince Abdullah was chosen by King Faisal to command the Saudi National Guard. Upon the succession of King Khalid in 1975, he was appointed Second Deputy Prime Minister. When King Fahd came to the throne in 1982, he was named Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister. As First Deputy Prime Minister, Crown Prince Abdullah presided over cabinet meetings and governed the country as deputy to King Fahd.

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Prince Abdullah as Commander of the Saudi National Guard; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

Abdullah bin Abdulaziz was proclaimed the sixth King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on August 1, 2005, upon the death of King Fahd bin Abdulaziz. The Kings since King Abdulaziz’s death had all been his sons: Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, and Salman.  Saudi Arabia does not have a clearly defined succession, but the sons of King Abdulaziz were considered to have a primary claim on the throne.  In 2006, King Abdullah set up the Allegiance Council, a body that is composed of the sons and grandsons of King Abdulaziz, to vote by a secret ballot to choose future kings and crown princes.

King Abdullah had more than 11 wives and had more than 36 children. For more information about his family see Wikipedia: King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia – Personal Life.

Throughout his life, King Abdullah had a love of the desert and a love of horsemanship. He was a breeder of pure Arabian horses and the founder of the equestrian club in Riyadh. Another lifelong passion was reading which he considered very important. He established two libraries, the King Abdulaziz Library in Riyadh, and one in Casablanca, Morocco.

Abdullah in a meeting with US Secretary of State John Kerry in 2014; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

King Abdullah died on January 23, 2015, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at the age of 90, three weeks after being hospitalized for pneumonia. He was buried at the Al-Oud Cemetery in Riyadh. Although the sons of King Abdulaziz were aging and some members of the Saudi royal family thought it is time for the next generation to come to the throne, Abdullah was succeeded by his 79-year-old half-brother Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.

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Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2014

Credit – Wikipedia

Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar

Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, The Emir of Qatar was born on June 3, 1980, in Doha, Qatar, the fourth son of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar. His mother is Sheikh Hamad’s second wife, Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned.

He was educated at the Sherborne School in Dorset, England, receiving his A-levels in 1997. He then enrolled at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, graduating in 1998. Upon his return to Qatar, he was commissioned in the Qatar Armed Forces. In 2003, he was named Crown Prince of Qatar after his elder brother renounced his position.

As Crown Prince, Sheikh Tamim was instrumental in raising the international profile of Qatar, putting much of his focus into various sporting events. He is a member of the International Olympic Committee, as well as the chairman of the Qatar National Olympic Committee. He was a large part of the successful bid to bring the FIFA World Cup to Qatar in 2022.

On June 25, 2013, his father announced his abdication and the accession of Sheikh Tamim as the new Emir of Qatar.

Sheikh Tamim with his first wife, Sheikha Jawahir photo: The Times

Sheikh Tamim with his first wife, Sheikha Jawaher;  photo: The Times

Sheikh Tamim has three wives:

First wife (and second cousin) Sheikha Jawaher bint Hamad bin Suhaim, had two sons and two daughters:

  • Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2006)
  • Sheikh Hamad bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2008)
  • Sheikha Aisha bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2010)
  • Sheikh Jassim bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2012)

Second wife, Sheikha AlAnoud bint Mana Al Hajri, had three daughters and two sons:

  • Sheikha Naylah bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2010).
  • Sheikh Abdullah bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2012)
  • Sheikha Roda bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2014)
  • Sheikh Alqaqaa bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2015)
  • Sheikha Moza bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2018)

Third wife, Sheikha Noora Bint Hathal Aldosari, had three sons and one daughter:

  • Sheikh Joaan bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2015)
  • Sheikh Mohammed bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2017)
  • Sheikh Fahad bin Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2018)
  • Sheikha Hind bint Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 2020)

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Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan of Oman

by Scott Mehl
© Unofficial Royalty 2014

photo: Wikipedia

photo: Wikipedia

Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan of Oman

Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan of Oman was born on November 18, 1940, in Salalah, Oman, the only son of Said bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and his second wife, Princess Mazoon bint Ahmed Ali al-Maashani.

He was educated initially in Oman, and from 1958-1960, attended a private boarding school in the United Kingdom. In 1960, he enrolled in the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, graduating two years later. He joined the British Army, serving with the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) for a year in Germany. Following his military service, he returned to Britain for a year, studying local government systems and taking several courses in management. Following a world tour, he returned to Oman in 1964.

In 1970, Qaboos staged a coup that overthrew his father as Sultan. His father was exiled to Britain, where he lived at the Dorchester Hotel in London until his death in 1972. The New Sultan Qaboos immediately began efforts to modernize and develop the country, even changing the name to The Sultanate of Oman.

In March 1976, he married his first cousin, Nawwal bint Tariq Al-Said (daughter of his uncle Tariq Al-Said). The couple had no children, and the marriage ended in divorce in 1979.

The Sultan with The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh, 2010. photo: Zimbio

The Sultan with Queen Elizabeth II  and Duke of Edinburgh on a state visit to Oman, 2010; Photo – Zimbio

The Sultan was a lover of classical music and established his own symphony orchestra in the mid-1980s. This orchestra performs locally in Oman and very often accompanied the Sultan when he traveled abroad. The Sultan’s other interests included horses, the arts, and shooting.

The Sultan had been under treatment for colon cancer since at least 2014 and had spent much time in Germany undergoing treatment. In December 2019, he traveled to Belgium for medical treatment.

Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan of Oman died at the Al Alam Palace in Muscat, Oman on January 10, 2020, at the age of 79.  “With great sorrow and deep sadness… the royal court mourns His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said, who passed away on Friday,” said a statement from the royal court.  The funeral of the late Qaboos bin Said Al Said was held on January 11, 2020, the day after his death, at the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque in Muscat, the capital of Oman, and he was buried at the Royal Cemetery in Muscat.

Qaboos was succeeded by his first cousin Haitham bin Tariq Al Said who was named Sultan of Oman after a sealed letter from Qaboos was opened identifying whom he wished to take his place.

Embed from Getty Images 
Qaboos’ successor, the newly sworn-in Sultan Haitham, on the right, carries his coffin during the burial

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Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2014

Credit – Wikipedia

Morocco Naming Conventions

  • Lalla: meaning Lady is used by the royal family of Morocco for the wife, daughters, and sisters of the king and some other female relatives
  • Moulay: meaning Lord is used by the royal family of Morocco for the sons and brothers of the king and some other male relatives
  • Sharif/Sharifa(h): a traditional Arabic title meaning noble or highborn

Salma Bennani was born on May 10, 1978, in Fez, Morocco. She is one of two daughters of Al-Haj Abdel Hamid Bennani, a school teacher, and his wife Naima Bensouda. Salma’s mother died when she was three years old and thereafter she was raised by her maternal grandmother.

Salma Bennani was educated in private and public schools in Rabat, the capital of Morocco. There she attended Lycée Hassan II, Lycée Moulay Youssef, and l’École Nationale Supérieure d’Informatique et d’Analyse de Systèmes (National School of Computer Science and Systems Analysis), where she received a degree in computer science and was her class valedictorian. Salma is fluent in Arabic, French, English, and Spanish. After graduation, she worked in Casablanca, Morocco as an information services engineer at Omnium North Africa Group, the country’s largest private holding company.

In 1999, Salma met her future husband, King Mohammed VI of Morocco, at a private party. Reportedly, Salma set some ground rules, one of which was insisting on a monogamous marriage as a condition for accepting the King’s proposal. King Mohammed’s father had two wives as had many rulers of Morocco before him. Traditionally, wives of Kings of Morocco remained private figures, so the King surprised many in Morocco when he announced his future wife’s name.

On March 21, 2002, Salma Bennani married King Mohammed VI of Morocco at the Royal Palace in Rabat. She was granted the style Her Royal Highness and the title Princess Lalla.

Mohammed_wedding

Photo Credit – Credit – main.stylelist.com

The couple has two children:

Mohammed VI_family

Although her predecessors were private figures, Princess Lalla Salma became a public Islamic consort in the style of Queen Noor, the wife of King Hussein of Jordan, and Queen Rania, the wife of King Abdullah II of Jordan. One of her major achievements was the founding in 2005 of the Lalla Salma Foundation – Prevention and Treatment of Cancers to raise public awareness of cancer. With this organization, Princess Lalla Salma organized the first national cancer registry and worked with many international partners in the fight against cancer. Princess Lalla Salma is also involved in HIV/AIDS prevention in Africa and she received the Sharjah Voluntary Work Award, one of the most important awards in the Arab world.

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Princess Lalla Salma at a pediatric cancer center in Casablanca, Morocco; Credit – http://www.spyghana.com

Princess Lalla Salma often represents Morocco at events around the world. She attended the wedding of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in London in April 2011, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands’ investiture in April 2013, and the wedding of Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Countess Stephanie de Lannoy in October 2013.

Lalla Salma with royals

Princess Lalla Salma with other royals at the investiture of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands in 2013

Princess Lalla Salma has been noticeably absent from public appearances since the beginning of 2018. A March 2018 article in the Spanish magazine Hola! mentioned that King Mohammed and Princess Lalla Salma had divorced according to sources close to the palace but there has been no such announcement from the royal court.

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