by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2019

Engraving by John Simon; Credit – Wikipedia

Little Prince George William lived from November 13, 1717 – February 17, 1718, three months and four days, but an event in his short life caused a huge family argument. The principals in the argument were George William’s grandfather King George I of Great Britain and his father The Prince of Wales, the future King George II of Great Britain. It was the beginning of the battles between fathers and sons that would plague the House of Hanover. First, let us deal with Prince George William’s short life.

Prince George William of Great Britain was born at St. James’ Palace in London, England on November 13, 1717. His parents were the Prince and Princess of Wales, the future King George II and his wife, born Caroline of Ansbach. George William was the first of his parents’ eight children to be born in Great Britain. His four elder siblings, Frederick, Prince of Wales, Anne, Princess Royal, Princess Amelia, and Princess Caroline, had all been born in the Electorate of Hanover, now in Lower Saxony, Germany.

George William’s great-grandmother, Sophia of the Palatinate, Electress of Hanover was the heiress presumptive to Queen Anne of Great Britain in accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701, but Sophia died two months before Queen Anne died. Upon Queen Anne’s death on August 1, 1714, George William’s grandfather succeeded to the British throne as King George I of Great Britain and his father became the heir apparent to the British throne and was created Prince of Wales the following month.

In February 1718, Prince George William became ill. The infant prince died at about 8:00 PM on February 17, 1718, at Kensington Palace in London. The London Gazette officially reported that Prince George William “had been taken ill about ten days before of a cough and strainess of breathing, from which he had been recovering till the foggy weather on the 15th and 16th, which occasioning a relapse into his strainess of breathing, he fell into convulsions and died.” An autopsy determined that he had been born with a “polyp on his heart.”

On the night of February 23, 1718, Prince George William’s remains, accompanied by the king’s servants, the Yeomen of the Guard and the Horse Guards, were transported from Kensington Palace in one of King George I’s coaches to Westminster Abbey where he was privately interred. Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester conducted the funeral service. It was not unusual for deceased royal children to be buried in this manner.

Backtracking to Prince George William’s christening: George William was christened at the Chapel Royal, St. James’s Palace in London, England on November 28, 1717, by John Robinson, Bishop of London. His godparents were:

• King George I of Great Britain: his paternal grandfather
• Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle: Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Household and later Prime Minister of Great Britain
• Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans: Mistress of the Robes to his mother, born Lady Diana de Vere, wife of Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, an illegitimate son of King Charles II and his mistress Nell Gwynne

King George I, Prince George William’s grandfather; Credit – Wikipedia

What should have been a perfectly normal, quiet christening turned into a shouting match that resulted in the parents of Prince George William being exiled from their home at St. James’ Palace and their children being kept at St. James’ Palace in the custody of their grandfather King George I.

George. Prince of Wales, Prince George William’s father; Credit – Wikipedia

The Prince of Wales (George) asked his father King George I and his paternal uncle Prince Ernst August of Hanover, who had been created Duke of York, to be godfathers. The Princess of Wales (Caroline) wanted to name her son William and initially King George I agreed. However, the little prince was the first of the British House of Hanover to be born in Great Britain, and apparently, the king’s government ministers insisted that the previous protocol be followed. The ministers told the king that since he was one of the godfathers, the infant prince should be named George. A compromise was reached and the prince’s name would be George William.

Caroline, Princess of Wales, mother of Prince George William; Credit – Wikipedia

Next, the ministers objected to Prince Ernst August of Hanover being one of the godparents. He was the reigning Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (now in Lower Saxony, Germany) and unmarried. If Ernst August was named a godparent, he perhaps might make the British prince the heir to his German title. Furthermore, the ministers advised the king that it was usual practice for the Lord Chamberlain, the most senior officer of the Royal Household, to be one of the godfathers. This writer, who has researched and written about Royal Christenings, can say that although the list of godparents for the British House of Stuart which preceded the House of Hanover is incomplete, there is no evidence that it was the usual practice for the Lord Chamberlain to be a royal godfather. Caroline was willing to compromise again and suggested that the Lord Chamberlain, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, could stand as proxy for Ernst August. Caroline was overruled by the ministers and then asked for the christening to be postponed, and was again overruled.

Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle; Credit – Wikipedia

When the christening took place, George and Caroline were incensed at being repeatedly overruled. After the christening, George accused the Duke of Newcastle of acting dishonestly regarding the christening arrangements, shook his fists at him, and said, “You are a rascal but I shall find you out,” meaning get even. George had spoken English since he was a child but having lived in Hanover where German was the native language for the first thirty-one years of his life, he spoke English with a German accent. The Duke of Newcastle misunderstood George and thought he said, “I shall fight you.” The Duke quickly went to King George I and told him that his son had challenged him to a duel.

King George I summoned his cabinet for advice. A group of ministers was sent to George asking if the allegations were true. George denied he had challenged Newcastle to a duel, explained he had said “find” and not “fight” and further explained Newcastle had disrespected him by insisting he be a godfather when he knew it was against George’s wishes. When the ministers told George that Newcastle had been asked to be a godfather by the command of the king, George replied that while he respected his father, he did not believe it.

Within days, King George I ordered his son, the Prince of Wales, to leave St. James’ Palace. The Prince of Wales was further ordered to leave his children at St. James’ Palace in the custody of the king. The Princess of Wales was allowed to freely visit her children but her husband had to give notice. George appealed to the courts for his children to be returned to him but he was told that according to British law, royal grandchildren belonged to The Crown. Most people in political and court circles felt that King George I overreacted.

The Prince and Princess of Wales needed a residence and they moved into Leicester House in Leicester Square, London which became their chief residence for the rest of King George I’s reign. After two years, the Princess of Wales acted as a mediator for her husband, and in cooperation with Prime Minister Robert Walpole, she finally reconciled King George I and his son.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

• En.wikipedia.org. (2019). Prince George William of Great Britain. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_William_of_Great_Britain [Accessed 16 Jul. 2019].
• Thegazette.co.uk. (1718). Page 2 | Issue 5615, 8 February 1718 | London Gazette | The Gazette. [online] Available at: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5615/page/2 [Accessed 16 Jul. 2019].
• Thegazette.co.uk. (1718). Page 2 | Issue 5616, 11 February 1718 | London Gazette | The Gazette. [online] Available at: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5616/page/2 [Accessed 16 Jul. 2019].
• Van der Kiste, J. (2013). King George II and Queen Caroline. New York: The History Press.
• Van Der Kiste, John. The Georgian Princesses. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 2000. Print.
• Williamson, David. Brewer’s British Royalty. London: Cassell, 1996. Print. London: Cassell, 1996. Print.

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2019

Credit – Wikipedia

Born at Herrenhausen Palace in the Electorate of Hanover, now in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany, on June 10, 1713, exactly two years after the birth of her sister Princess Amelia, Princess Caroline was the fourth of the eight children and the third of the five daughters of the future King George II of Great Britain and his wife Caroline of Ansbach. At the time of her birth, her father was the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Caroline’s paternal grandparents were the future King George I of Great Britain, who was the Elector of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg at that time, and his divorced, disgraced, and virtually imprisoned first cousin and former wife Sophia Dorothea of Celle. Caroline’s maternal grandparents were Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his second wife Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach. The day after her birth, the infant princess was christened Caroline Elizabeth at Herrenhausen Palace.

Caroline had seven siblings:

• Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707 – 1751), married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, had issue, including King George III
• Anne, Princess Royal (1709 – 1759), married Willem IV, Prince of Orange, had issue
• Princess Amelia (1711 – 1786), unmarried
• Prince George William (1717 – 1718), died in infancy
• Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721 – 1765), unmarried
• Princess Mary (1723 – 1772), married Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, had issue
• Princess Louise (1724 -1751), married Frederik V, King of Denmark and Norway, had issue

Frederick, Prince of Wales, playing the cello, Anne, Princess Royal at the harpsichord, Princess Caroline playing the mandora and Princess Amelia reading; Credit – Wikipedia

Caroline’s great-grandmother, Sophia, Electress of Hanover was the heiress presumptive to Queen Anne of Great Britain in accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701, but Sophia died two months before Queen Anne died. Upon Queen Anne’s death on August 1, 1714, Caroline’s grandfather succeeded to the British throne as King George I of Great Britain and her father became the heir apparent to the British throne and was created Prince of Wales the following month. Amelia was then styled Her Royal Highness Princess Caroline of Great Britain. One-year-old Caroline along with her elder sisters Anne and Amelia accompanied their mother to England where they settled in the new home, apartments in St. James’ Palace in London.

The three elder daughters of King George II: Anne, Amelia, and Caroline; Credit – Wikipedia

Caroline’s parents, the Prince and Princess of Wales, had a disagreement over the choice of godparents for the short-lived son George William, born in 1717. The disagreement grew out of proportion, and Caroline’s father George was placed under arrest. The result was that her parents, the Prince and Princess of Wales, were exiled from St. James’ Palace. They moved into Leicester House in Leicester Square, London which became their chief residence for the rest of King George I’s reign. However, their children were kept at St. James’ Palace in the custody of their grandfather. The Prince and Princess of Wales were allowed to see their children only once a week. After a period of two years, the Princess of Wales acted as a mediator for her husband, and in cooperation with Prime Minister Robert Walpole, she finally reconciled King George I and his son.

Princess Caroline was not only her mother’s namesake but her favorite child. She was known in the family for telling the truth and was always consulted when there were disagreements between the royal siblings because she could be counted on telling exactly what happened. On June 11, 1727, Caroline’s grandfather King George I died in Hanover, was buried there, and her father succeeded him as King George II. After the marriage of her eldest sister Anne to Willem IV, Prince of Orange, Caroline became her mother’s main confidant and she remained so for the rest of her mother’s life.

Portrait of Caroline from 1728, probably from the time of her father’s coronation; Credit – Wikipedia

Princess Caroline never married. When her mother died in 1737, Queen Caroline expressly left her three youngest children, all teenagers, in the care of her daughter Caroline. Caroline probably had an affair with John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, a courtier and political writer. Lord Hervey was married and had eight children but apparently, he was bisexual and had affairs with both men and women. It is not known if Lord Hervey had any real affections toward Caroline but apparently she had affections toward him. After Lord Hervey died in 1743 at the age of 46, Caroline became a recluse, rarely leaving St. James’ Palace and seeing only her father, her sister Princess Amelia, her brother Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and some favorite courtiers. She donated most of her money to charities, especially those associated with prisoners’ welfare, and also saw that Lord Hervey’s children were financially secure.

Lord Hervey; Credit – Wikipedia

Princess Caroline had been a hypochondriac for most of her life and she apparently lost the will to live. As she lay dying, she refused to see any of her family. On December 28, 1757, at the age of 44, Princess Caroline died at St. James’ Palace in London. She was buried in the Hanover vault below the central aisle of Henry VII’s chapel in Westminster Abbey in London. Horace Walpole, a writer and art historian,  wrote of Princess Caroline: “Her kindness was constant and united, her immense generosity, her charity were the most extensive; In short, I, not a royalist, can be generous in praise of her.”

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

• En.wikipedia.org. (2019). Princess Caroline of Great Britain. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Great_Britain [Accessed 13 Jul. 2019].
• Flantzer, Susan. (2019). Princess Amelia of Great Britain. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/princess-amelia-of-great-britain/ [Accessed 13 Jul. 2019].
• Van der Kiste, J. (2013). King George II and Queen Caroline. New York: The History Press.
• Van Der Kiste, John. The Georgian Princesses. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 2000. Print.
• Williamson, David. Brewer’s British Royalty. London: Cassell, 1996. Print. London: Cassell, 1996. Print.

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2019

Credit – Wikipedia

Her Highness Princess Amelia of Hanover was born at Herrenhausen Palace in the Electorate of Hanover, now in Lower Saxony, Germany, on June 10, 1711. Christened Amelia Sophia Eleanora, she was known in the family as Emily. At the time of her birth, her father (the future King George II of Great Britain) was the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach,  the eldest of the three children of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his second wife Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach. Her paternal grandfather (the future King George I of Great Britain) was the Elector of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Amelia was the third of eight children and the second of her parents’ five daughters. She had seven siblings:

• Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707 – 1751), married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, had issue, including King George III
• Anne, Princess Royal (1709 – 1759), married Willem IV, Prince of Orange, had issue
• Princess Caroline (1713 – 1757), unmarried
• Prince George William (1717 – 1718), died in infancy
• Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721 – 1765), unmarried
• Princess Mary (1723 – 1772), married Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, had issue
• Princess Louise (1724 -1751), married Frederik V, King of Denmark and Norway, had issue

Frederick, Prince of Wales, playing the cello, Anne, Princess Royal at the harpsichord, Princess Caroline playing the mandora and Princess Amelia reading; Credit – Wikipedia

Amelia’s great-grandmother, Sophia, Electress of Hanover was the heiress presumptive to Queen Anne of Great Britain in accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701, but Sophia died two months before Queen Anne died. Upon Queen Anne’s death on August 1, 1714, Amelia’s grandfather succeeded to the British throne as King George I of Great Britain and her father became the heir apparent to the British throne and was created Prince of Wales the following month. Amelia was then styled Her Royal Highness Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Three-year-old Amelia along with her elder sister Anne and her younger sister Caroline, accompanied their mother to England where they settled in the new home, apartments in St. James’ Palace in London.

The three elder daughters of King George II: Anne, Amelia, and Caroline; Credit – Wikipedia

Amelia’s parents, the Prince and Princess of Wales, had a disagreement over the choice of godparents for the short-lived son George William, born in 1717. The disagreement grew out of proportion, and Amelia’s father George was placed under arrest. The result was that her parents George and Caroline were exiled from St. James’ Palace. They moved into Leicester House in Leicester Square, London which became their chief residence for the rest of King George I’s reign. However, their children were kept at St. James’ Palace in the custody of their grandfather. The Prince and Princess of Wales were allowed to see their children only once a week. After a period of two years, the Princess of Wales acted as a mediator for her husband, and in cooperation with Prime Minister Robert Walpole, she finally reconciled King George I and his son.

Amelia’s paternal aunt, Sophia Dorothea of ​​Hanover, Queen of Prussia, wanted Amelia to marry her eldest son, the future King Friedrich II of Prussia (the Great). However, Sophia Dorothea’s husband King Friedrich Wilhelm I did not support the idea and insisted his son marry Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern. Amelia never did marry.

In 1727, Amelia’s grandfather died and her father succeeded to the British throne as King George II. After the death of her mother in 1737, Amelia became the constant companion to her father. She also acted as hostess for her unmarried brother Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, who had a career in the Royal Army, whenever he was in England. Amelia followed her brother’s military campaigns and was always quite worried about him when he was at the front.

In 1751, Princess Amelia became the ranger of Richmond Park. According to her instructions, only family members and a few close friends were allowed into the park. This caused a great uproar from the public who were accustomed to using the park. In 1758, a local brewer John Lewis was banned from the park and decided to take the case to court and won. Disgusted, Amelia resigned from her position as the ranger of Richmond Park.

Plaque to John Lewis, the Richmond brewer who secured public rights of access to the park in 1758; Credit – By Spudgun67 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46307376

On October 25, 1760, King George II woke up early at Kensington Palace and had his usual cup of chocolate. He asked about the direction of the wind as he was anxious about receiving his overseas mail, and then he entered his water closet. A few minutes later, his valet heard a crash and found George lying on the floor. He was put into bed and asked for his favorite daughter Princess Amelia, but he died before the princess reached him. Amelia hurried to her father’s rooms and, not realizing he was already dead, she put her head close to his head to hear what he had to say. Because she was quite deaf, Amelia did not realize her father was dead.

Amelia was the last surviving child of her parents and lived for the first twenty-six years of the reign of her nephew King George III whose father Frederick, Prince of Wales had predeceased his father King George II. Because of her deafness, Amelia retired from court life. She lived in a home in Cavendish Square when in London. In 1761, Amelia bought Gunnersbury Park, a country estate in the London Borough of Hounslow where she was famous for her parties and political intrigues.

Gunnersbury House around 1750; Credit – Wikipedia

In her later years, Amelia enjoyed taking the waters, playing cards, and engaging in gossip at Bath. Amelia was always fond of horses and dogs and every morning she paid a visit to the stables to see her horses. She donated generously to charity and was a wonderful great-aunt to the children of King George III, regularly inviting them to Gunnersbury Park.

In October 1786, Amelia knew she was dying and she put her affairs in order and made arrangements to provide for her servants. She left nothing to her relatives in England, instead, she left her estate to her three Hesse-Kassel nephews, the children of her sister Princess Mary. Princess Amelia Sophie died at the age of 75, on October 31, 1786, at her home in Cavendish Square. After her death, a pendant was found around her neck with a miniature portrait of her would-be husband, Crown Prince Friedrich of Prussia who became King Friedrich I of Prussia (the Great). Princess Amelia was buried in the Hanover vault below the central aisle of Henry VII’s chapel in Westminster Abbey in London. An inscription was carved in the black and white pavement in 1866 reads Amelia Sophia Eleonora 2 DA. of K.GEO. II 1786.

Amelia Island, an island in the Sea Islands chain that stretches along the East Coast of the United States from South Carolina to Florida and Amelia County in Virginia, United States are named for Princess Amelia.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

• De.wikipedia.org.Amelia Sophie von Großbritannien, Irland und Hannover. [online] Available at: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Sophie_von_Gro%C3%9Fbritannien,_Irland_und_Hannover [Accessed 11 Jul. 2019].
• En.wikipedia.org. (2019). Princess Amelia of Great Britain. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Amelia_of_Great_Britain [Accessed 11 Jul. 2019].
• Van Der Kiste, John. The Georgian Princesses. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 2000. Print.
• Williamson, David. Brewer’s British Royalty. London: Cassell, 1996. Print.. London: Cassell, 1996. Print.

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2019

Archie on his father’s lap with his mother and sister Lilibet, from the 2021 Christmas card of The Duke and Duchess of Sussex; Credit – Alexi Lubomirski/The Duke and Duchess of Sussex; Credit – Alexi Lubomirski/The Duke and Duchess of Sussex

The first child of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry and the former Meghan Markle, Prince Archie of Sussex, was born at 5:26 AM on May 6, 2019, at Portland Hospital for Women and Children, a private hospital on Great Portland Street in London, England. He weighed 7 pounds, 3 ounces, and his father was present for his birth. Because his mother is American, Archie is an American citizen in addition to his British citizenship.

Credit – https://www.royal.uk/archie-harrison-mountbatten-windsor

Two days after his birth, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex presented their newborn son in St. George’s Hall, one of the State Rooms at Windsor Castle. They spoke with the representative of the press for several minutes. Click on the article below for more photos and a video.

• BBC: Royal baby: Duke and Duchess of Sussex share first glimpse of son

Following their meeting with the media, the Duke and Duchess took their son to meet his great-grandparents, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Archie’s maternal grandmother Doria Ragland was also in attendance.  Shortly after that meeting, an announcement was made that the Duke and Duchess had named their son Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor. Archie is a name the Duke and Duchess liked and Harrison is from an English surname that means “son of Harry” and is quite fitting in this circumstance. For more background on the name, see Unofficial Royalty: What’s in a Name? – Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor.

Credit – https://www.royal.uk/archie-harrison-mountbatten-windsor

At the time of his birth, Archie was seventh in the line of succession to the British throne after his grandfather Charles, Prince of Wales (now King Charles III), his uncle Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (now Prince of Wales) and his three children, and his father Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.

Archie is the heir apparent to his father’s Dukedom of Sussex, Earldom of Dumbarton, and Barony of Kilkeel. It is customary that a peer’s heir apparent use one of their parent’s subsidiary titles as a courtesy title. In this case, the courtesy title would be Earl of Dumbarton. However, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex instead decided that their son would be styled as Master Archie Mountbatten-Windsor in accordance with their wish that he lives his life as a private citizen.

However, at birth, Archie was not entitled to the style and title His Royal Highness Prince. In 1917, King George V issued Letters Patent changing the rights to the style Royal Highness and the title Prince/Princess. The children of the Sovereign, the children of the sons of the Sovereign, and the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales would be entitled to the style Royal Highness and the title Prince/Princess. Exceptions to the rule can be made by the Sovereign. For instance, in 2012, Queen Elizabeth II issued a Letters Patent declaring that all the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales should have the title Prince or Princess and the style Royal Highness. This meant that all the children of Prince William would be HRH Prince/Princess. Under the 1917 Letters Patent, Archie was entitled to the style and title His Royal Highness Prince, when his paternal grandfather succeeded to the throne. Archie would then be a male-line grandchild of the Sovereign.

With the accession of Archie’s grandfather as King Charles III on September 8, 2022, Archie is a male-line grandchild of the monarch and is entitled to be styled His Royal Highness Prince Archie of Sussex under the 1917 Letters Patent. In March 2023, after her christening, Archie’s sister was referred to as Princess Lilibet Diana by a spokesperson for the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, the first time that either child was referred to in public as Prince or Princess.

For more information, see Unofficial Royalty: Their Royal Highness Prince and Princess.

• Unofficial Royalty: Yes, the children of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex entitled to be HRH Prince/Princess

Windsor Castle: the Private Chapel, after the restoration drawn 1999 by Alexander Creswell: Credit – Royal Collection Trust

Archie was christened into the Church of England on July 6, 2019, by the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby in a private ceremony at the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle, not to be confused with St. George’s Chapel. The names of his godparents were not made public. Three of the godparents were later reported to be Charlie van Straubenzee (who attended Ludgrove School with Prince Harry and Prince William), Tiggy Pettifer (nanny and companion to Prince Harry and Prince William), and Mark Dyer (a former equerry to King Charles III who became a mentor and close friend to Charles’ sons). Twenty-five guests attended the christening but their names were not released.  A group photo, which is no longer available, showed Archie with his parents, The Prince of Wales, The Duchess of Cornwall, Doria Ragland, Archie’s maternal grandmother, The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, and Lady Sarah McCorquodale and Lady Jane Fellowes, Archie’s great-aunts, the sisters of Diana, Princess of Wales.

From September 23 – October 2, 2019, when Archie was four-and-a-half months old, he accompanied his parents on an official trip to Africa. The trip started in South Africa and then the Duke of Sussex visited Angola, Malawi, and Botswana before rejoining the Duchess and his son in South Africa.  The Duke and Duchess took their son to visit South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

Archie’s parents announced on January 8, 2020, that they would step back as senior royals and divide time between the United Kingdom and North America. However, since that time the Duke and Duchess have made a home in California in the United States.

On June 4, 2021, Archie’s younger sister was born at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital in Santa Barbara, California. Princess Lilibet of Sussex, nicknamed Lili, is named after her paternal great-grandmother Queen Elizabeth II and her paternal grandmother Diana, Princess of Wales. “Lilibet” is Queen Elizabeth II’s family nickname, which originated from Elizabeth’s pronunciation of her name when she was young.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2019

James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex; Credit – Wikipedia

James Alexander Philip Theo Mountbatten-Windsor was born on December 17, 2007, at Frimley Park Hospital in Surrey, England. He is the second child of the two children of Prince Edward, The Duke of Edinburgh and Sophie Rhys-Jones, The Duchess of Edinburgh. As the eldest son of an Earl, he used his father’s subsidiary title, Viscount Severn. When James’ father was granted the title The Duke of Edinburgh in March 2023, James then used Earl of Wessex as his courtesy title.  James was admitted to Great Ormond Street Hospital in London on January 24, 2008, for a minor allergic reaction and was released from the hospital in a few days.

James has one elder sister:

• • Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor (born 2003)

photo: Daily Mail/Camera Press

Like his sister before him, James was christened in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle by the Dean of Windsor on April 19, 2008. He was the first person christened wearing a new replica of the original christening gown worn by royal babies since 1840.

James’ godparents:

• Denise Poulton (a friend of his mother and trustee of the Wessex Youth Trust)
• Jeanye Erwin (his mother’s former flat-mate)
• Alastair Bruce of Crionaich
• Duncan Bullivant (a school friend of his father)
• Thomas Hill

The titles and styles of James and his sister Louise are often disputed. Under the terms of King George V’s Letters Patent of 1917, as grandchildren of the sovereign in the male line, they are Prince and Princess of the United Kingdom, with the style of Royal Highness. However, at the time of Edward and Sophie’s marriage, a press release was issued from Buckingham Palace. Along with announcing Prince Edward’s new title as Earl of Wessex, it stated that The Queen, with the agreement of Edward and Sophie, had decided that any children born to them should not be given the style of Royal Highness, but instead be given courtesy titles as children of an Earl. In 2023, when his father was granted the title Duke of Edinburgh, James began to use his father’s secondary title Earl of Wessex.

As they would already be well down the line of succession (Prince Edward was 7th in line at the time of his marriage), it is believed that this was done to alleviate some of the ‘burdens’ associated with having a royal title and to allow them somewhat more of a normal life. However, many argue that the press release does not supersede the terms of the 1917 Letters Patent and that Louise and James are, in fact, Prince and Princess. In June 2020, during an interview with the Sunday Times Magazine, James’ mother stated that she and her husband have raised their children with the intent that will have to work for a living as opposed to being working royals. She continued: “Hence we made the decision not to use HRH titles. They have them and can decide to use them from 18, but I think it’s highly unlikely.”

James has joined his parents on the balcony following the Trooping the Colour ceremonies and is often photographed with the family at more informal events, such as the Windsor Horse Show, and while attending church on the Sandringham Estate.

James attended St. George’s School, Windsor Castle in Windsor, England. The school was originally founded to educate the choirboys of the Choir of St. George’s Chapel. Now it also has over 400 boys and girls who attend as day students. He now attends Eagle House School, a coeducational preparatory school in Sandhurst, Berkshire, England.

James with his family on the Buckingham Palace balcony during the Platinum Jubilee celebrations for his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II, 2022

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

by Scott Mehl
© Unofficial Royalty 2019

Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor

Born on November 8, 2003, at Frimley Park Hospital in Surrey, England Lady Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary Mountbatten-Windsor is the elder of the two children and the only daughter of Prince Edward, The Duke of Edinburgh and Sophie Rhys-Jones. Louise was born prematurely and delivered by emergency cesarean section after her mother suffered placental abruption which caused significant blood loss to her mother and fetal distress to Louise. Mother and daughter spent two weeks in the hospital.

Lady Louise was christened in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle on April 24, 2004, by the Dean of Windsor. She wore a christening gown that was first made for the christening of Queen Victoria’s eldest child in 1840. It has since been worn at almost all royal christenings since. However, due to the gown’s age and delicate condition, this would be the last time it was used.

Lady Louise’s godparents:

• Lady Alexandra Etherington (her father’s third cousin, daughter of James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife)
• Lady Sarah Chatto (her father’s first cousin)
• Lord Ivar Mountbatten (her father’s second cousin, son of David Mountbatten, 3rd Marquess of Milford-Haven)
• Rupert Elliott (her father’s friend from Cambridge University)
• Francesca Schwarzenbach (her parents’ friend)

photo: The Royal Post

Louise has one younger brother:

• James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex (born 2007)

Lady Louise with her family at the Platinum Jubilee service of her grandmother Queen Elizabeth II

The titles and styles of Louise and her brother James are often disputed. Under the terms of King George V’s Letters Patent of 1917, as grandchildren of the sovereign in the male line, they are Prince and Princess of the United Kingdom, with the style of Royal Highness. However, at the time of Edward and Sophie’s marriage, a press release was issued from Buckingham Palace. Along with announcing Prince Edward’s new title as Earl of Wessex, it stated that Queen Elizabeth II, with the agreement of Edward and Sophie, had decided that any children born to them should not be given the style of Royal Highness, but instead, be given courtesy titles as children of an Earl.

As they would already be well down the line of succession (Prince Edward was 7th in line at the time of his marriage), it is believed that this was done to alleviate some of the ‘burdens’ associated with having a royal title and to allow them somewhat more of a normal life. However, many argue that the press release does not supersede the terms of the 1917 Letters Patent and that Louise and James are, in fact, Prince and Princess. In June 2020, during an interview with the Sunday Times Magazine, Sophie stated that she and her husband have raised their children with the intent that will have to work for a living as opposed to being working royals. She continued: “Hence we made the decision not to use HRH titles. They have them and can decide to use them from 18, but I think it’s highly unlikely.”

Lady Louise was born with esotropia, a condition that causes one or both eyes to turn inwards. She underwent a minor operation in 2006 and is believed to have undergone a second operation in 2013.

Lady Louise attended St George’s School at Windsor Castle.  In 2017, she started at St. Mary’s School Ascot, a Roman Catholic independent day and boarding school for girls in South Ascot, Berkshire, England. Louise graduated from St. Mary’s School Ascot in 2022. In September 2022, Louise began studying English at the University of St. Andrews in St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Her first cousin Prince William, Duke of Cambridge is a graduate of the University of St. Andrews as is his wife.

Lady Louise with her cousin, Prince Harry, at the wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. photo: Daily Mail/PA

Lady Louise made her first big appearance on the royal stage in 2011, serving as a bridesmaid at the wedding of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, now The Prince and Princess of Wales. She is also seen at some larger events, such as the annual Trooping the Colour ceremony.

Lady Louise followed in the footsteps of her grandfather The Duke of Edinburgh and took up carriage driving.  The Duke of Edinburgh took up the sport at age 50 after he quit polo.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2019

Embed from Getty Images 

On May 8, 2019, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of Sussex had named their newborn son Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor. I am going to admit up front that I am not crazy about the name Archie. However, naming a child is, of course, the prerogative of the parents. Archie is a name the Duke and Duchess liked and Harrison is from an English surname that means “son of Harry” and is quite fitting in this circumstance.

The names Alexander, Spencer, James, and Arthur were the betting favorites in the United Kingdom’s legal betting parlors. Less than 100 people bet money on Baby Sussex being named Archie. One lucky woman won more than £18,000 ($23,428) after she guessed that Baby Sussex’s name would be Archie. The unnamed woman bet £120 ($168) on the name at 150/1 odds after Baby Sussex was born on her grandson Archie’s birthday. She plans to put the winnings aside for her grandson.

********************

Derivation of the Names

Archie is a diminutive or nickname of the name Archibald which comes from the Old French Archaunbault and from Old High German Erchanbald. The first part of the name (archi-, archaun-, erchan-) means genuine. The second part of the name (-bald, -bault, -bald) means strong or bold. The name came to England via the Norman Conquest of 1066 and during the late Middle Ages, Archibald became a common name in Scotland.

Harrison is generally known as a surname although it is also used a first name and, in the case of Baby Sussex, as a middle name. In the British Isles, the origins of some surnames are linked to occupations. Obvious examples are Smith, Baker, and Carpenter. Other surnames can be linked to a place, for example, Hill or Green (a village green). There are also surnames that describe physical characteristics of the original bearer of the surname such as Brown, Short, or Thin. Lastly, there are surnames that used the first name of the original bearer plus the word “son” – Jackson originally came from Jack’s son and Harrison, originally came from Harry’s son.

Mountbatten-Windsor is the surname used by some of the male-line descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Generally, Mountbatten-Windsor would be used by male-line descendants without royal styles. In 1917, because of anti-German sentiment during World War I, King George V changed the name of the royal house and family from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor.

• Unofficial Royalty: Birth of the House of Windsor

Prince Philp’s mother was born Princess Alice of Battenberg. In 1917, Battenberg was anglicized to Mountbatten. Shortly before Prince Philip became engaged to the future Queen Elizabeth II, he relinquished his Greek and Danish royal titles, adopted the surname Mountbatten from his mother’s family, and became a naturalized British subject.

In 1960, Queen Elizabeth II issued Letters Patent stating: “while I and my children will continue to be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, my descendants, other than descendants enjoying the style, title or attributes of Royal Highness and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess, and female descendants who marry and their descendants, shall bear the name Mountbatten-Windsor.”

• Heraldica: What is the surname of the royal family?

********************

Archie in the United Kingdom

Archie has become a popular name in the United Kingdom. According to the Office of National Statistics, Archie was the 19th most popular name for boys in England with 2,651 boys being named Archie in 2017. Government statistics for 2017 in the other parts of the United Kingdom show Archie was the 15th most popular boys’ name in Wales and the 19th most popular boys’ name in Scotland. Archie is not quite as popular in Northern Ireland where it came in at number 32.

• Office of National Statistics – Baby Names in England and Wales 2017
• Babies’ First Names | National Records of Scotland
• Baby Names | Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency

2017 – Most Popular Boys’ Names in England from Office of National Statistics

1. Oliver
2. Harry
3. George
4. Noah
5. Jack
6. Jacob
7. Muhammad
8. Leo
9. Oscar
10. Charlie
11. William
12. Henry
13. Alfie
14. Thomas
15. Joshua
16. Freddie
17. James
18. Arthur
19. Archie
20. Logan

********************

Archie in the United States

The name Archie is very uncommon in the United States where I am located. In 2017, Archie did not even make the top 1,000 boys’ names in the United States with only 156 boys being named Archie. The last time the name Archie was in the top 1,000 boys’ names in the United States was in 1988 when it was number 889. Living in a country of 327,000,000 people, Americans are not very likely to encounter anyone named Archie.

• Social Security Administration: Get Ready For Baby – Popular Names

2017 – Most Popular Boys’ Names in the United States from the Social Security Administration

1. Liam
2. Noah
3. William
4. James
5. Logan
6. Benjamin
7. Mason
8. Elijah
9. Oliver
10. Jacob
11. Lucas
12. Michael
13. Alexander
14. Ethan
15. Daniel
16. Matthew
17. Aiden
18. Henry
19. Joseph
20. Jackson

In the United States, the name Archie conjures up visions of two fictional characters. Described as a lovable bigot, Archie Bunker, played by actor Carroll O’Connor, was a character on the 1970s situation comedy All in the Family. Archie Andrews was first created as a comic book character in the 1940s and is now appearing as a character in Riverdale, an American teen drama television series based on the characters of the Archie comic books. Perhaps this accounts for this American’s somewhat resistant attitude toward the name. The only famous American Archie I can think of is Archie Manning (born 1949), a National Football League quarterback.  However, I really do not know him through his sports achievements but rather through his sons’ sports achievements. Archie Manning is the father of two National Football League quarterbacks Peyton Manning, who retired in 2016, and Eli Manning, who still plays for the New York Giants.

********************

Royal Connections

Margaret Tudor; Credit – Wikipedia

Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus; Credit – Wikipedia

There are two royal connections to the name Archibald. Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England and sister of King Henry VIII of England, married three times. Her first marriage was to James IV, King of Scots. After James IV was killed at the Battle of Flodden, which was fought against the army of his brother-in-law Henry VIII, Margaret’s seventeen-month-old son succeeded his father as James V, King of Scots. Under the terms of James IV’s will, Margaret was the regent for her son as long as she did not remarry.

Margaret sought an ally with the pro-English House of Douglas, and so she secretly married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. The marriage stirred up the jealousy of the nobles and the opposition of the faction supporting French influence in Scotland. Civil war broke out, and Margaret was stripped of her regency. Margaret and Douglas escaped to England where she gave birth to their only child Lady Margaret Douglas at Harbottle Castle in Northumberland, England.

Lady Margaret Douglas married Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox and had two sons including Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley who married his first cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, the daughter of James V, King of Scots, and therefore the granddaughter of Margaret Tudor. They were the parents of James VI, King of Scots who succeeded to the English throne upon the death of Queen Elizabeth I of England as King James I of England.  Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor is, therefore, a descendant of Margaret Tudor and her first husband James IV, King of Scots and also her second husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus.

James V, King of Scots was the only child of James IV, King of Scots and Margaret Tudor to survive infancy. His daughter Mary, Queen of Scots was his only surviving child and she succeeded her father when she was six days old. However, James V had a number of illegitimate children. One of his illegitimate children was Lady Jean Stewart. Jean married Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll. The couple had no children and divorced after twenty years of marriage.

********************

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

source: Daily Mail/Getty Images

HRH The Duchess of Cambridge has been appointed a Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, it was announced today from Buckingham Palace.

The Royal Victorian Order was established by Queen Victoria in 1896, to recognize people for distinguished service to the Sovereign.  It is one of just a few of the British Honours that are solely granted at the pleasure of the Sovereign.  In addition to British and Commonwealth citizens, it is often given to foreign royals and heads of state.

Aside from the Queen’s family order, this is the first British Honour that the Duchess has received.

Other Dames Grand Cross within the Royal Family:

• The Princess Royal (also Grand Master of the Order since 2007)
• The Duchess of Cornwall
• The Countess of Wessex
• The Duchess of Gloucester
• The Duchess of Kent
• Princess Alexandra, The Hon. Lady Ogilvy

buy canada cialis This is the reason why men fail to achieve contentment in their life because of erectile dysfunction. Most of the young males, who have access to online adult content or sexually explicit content, are over excited for lovemaking after watching erotic movies or on imagining a beautiful female, are likely to suffer from damage you can try this out commander viagra to nerves in male reproductive organ and they may burst resulting in bleeding.PRECAUTIONS :Men with Peyronie’s disease must consult the doctor before having this pill. Check websites offering these products: Visit websites of male enhancement products that can be used to effectively combat premature ejaculation as well as provide long term natural solutions to erectile canadian cialis you can find out more dysfunction and help men have a sizeable gain for their manhood. Both young buy sildenafil tablets and old men face this challenge in their lives.
Knights Grand Cross within the Royal Family:

• The Duke of Edinburgh
• The Duke of York
• The Earl of Wessex
• The Duke of Gloucester
• The Duke of Kent
• Prince Michael of Kent

In addition, The Duke of Sussex holds a lower rank of the order, Knight Commander.

Official statement from Buckingham Palace

Read more about the Royal Victorian Order here.

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2019

Credit – Wikipedia

Prince William Frederick, 2nd Duke of Gloucester was a great-grandson of King George II and a nephew and a son-in-law of King George III. He married George III’s daughter Princess Mary. Born at Palazzo Teodoli in Rome, Italy on January 15, 1776, he was the only son and the youngest of the three children of Prince William Henry, 1st Duke of Gloucester and Maria Walpole. Frederick, Prince of Wales, the father of Prince William Henry, 1st Duke of Gloucester died when Prince William Henry was eight years old. At that time, William Henry’s eldest brother George became heir to the throne and would succeed their grandfather as King George III in 1760.

A little background on the marriage of the parents of Prince William Frederick, 2nd Duke of Gloucester:

William Frederick’s mother Maria Walpole was the illegitimate daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and his mistress Dorothy Clement.  Her grandfather, Robert Walpole, served as Prime Minister from 1721 – 1741. Prince William Henry, 1st Duke of Gloucester and Maria, the widow of James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, were married in secret at her home in Pall Mall, London on September 6, 1766.

King George III’s brothers were a constant headache for him but he was especially annoyed with Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland. In 1771, Prince Henry had married a commoner Anne Horton. George III considered Anne Horton inappropriate as a royal bride because she was from a lower social class and German law barred any children of the couple from the Hanoverian succession. George insisted on a new law that would forbid members of the royal family from legally marrying without the consent of the monarch. Although it was unpopular with both George III’s ministers and members of Parliament, the Royal Marriages Act 1772 was passed.

The Royal Marriages Act stipulated that no descendant of King George II, male or female, other than the issue of princesses who had married into foreign royal families, could marry without the consent of the monarch. Any member of the royal family over the age of 25 who had been refused the monarch’s consent could marry one year after giving notice to the Privy Council of their intention to marry unless both houses of Parliament expressly declared their disapproval. Any marriage in contravention of the Act was void. Royal family members who made such a marriage did not lose their place in the line of succession but their children would be made illegitimate by the voiding of the marriage and therefore lose their succession rights.

However, King George III did not know that brother Prince William Henry, 1st Duke of Gloucester had secretly married Maria Walpole in 1766. For six years, King George III believed that his brother William Henry was a bachelor and that Maria was his mistress. In September 1772, five months after the Royal Marriages Act was passed, William Henry found out Maria was pregnant and confessed to his brother that he was married. King George III was quite upset not only by the marriage but also by William Henry’s deception. Because the provisions of the Royal Marriages Act could not be applied retroactively, William Henry and Maria’s marriage was considered valid. Their children were styled His/Her Highness Prince/Princess and used the territorial designation of Gloucester as great-grandchildren in the male line of King George II. However, due to the anger of King George III, Maria, now Duchess of Gloucester, was never received at court.

William Frederick’s surviving sister Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester by Sir William Beechey; Credit – Wikipedia

Prince William Frederick, 2nd Duke of Gloucester had two elder sisters:

• Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester (1773–1844), unmarried
• Princess Caroline of Gloucester (1774–1775), died in infancy

William Frederick also had three half-sisters from his mother’s first marriage to James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave:

• Lady Elizabeth Waldegrave (1760–1816), married her cousin, George Waldegrave, 4th Earl Waldegrave, had five children
• Lady Charlotte Waldegrave (1761–1808), married George FitzRoy, 4th Duke of Grafton, had eleven children
• Lady Anna Waldegrave (1762–1801), married Vice-Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour, Anna and Hugh are ancestors of Diana, Princess of Wales, they had seven children

Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester, in an engraving based on a portrait painted by Sir William Beechey, published 1826; Credit – Wikipedia

William Frederick was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and like his father, had a career in the British Army, attaining the rank of Field Marshal in 1816. He was an advocate for the abolition of slavery, served as President of the African Institution, and was Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 1805, upon the death of his father, William Frederick succeeded him as Duke of Gloucester.

William Frederick had been encouraged to remain unmarried so that there might be a suitable husband for his first cousin once removed, Princess Charlotte of Wales, the heir to the throne after her father the future King George IV, if no foreign prince proved a suitable match. In May 1816, Princess Charlotte married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Sadly, within twenty months, Charlotte had died in childbirth along with her son.

Princess Mary of the United Kingdom; Credit – Wikipedia

Princess Mary was the fourth of the six daughters and eleventh of fifteen children of King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and the first cousin of William Frederick. Mary’s childhood was very sheltered. The living conditions of King George’s daughters came to be known as “the Nunnery.” None of the daughters was allowed to marry at the age when most princesses would marry. Perhaps this over-protection of King George III’s daughters was due to what happened to his sister Caroline Matilda when she married King Christian VII of Denmark. Christian’s mental illness led to Caroline Matilda having an affair, being caught, the execution of her lover, her exile, and her early death from scarlet fever at age 23. Eventually, three of the six sisters married and one of them was Mary. Charlotte, Princess Royal married at age 31 which was a rather late age for marriage but Elizabeth was 48 and Mary was 40 at the time of their marriages.

For a while, Mary had been fond of her cousin William Frederick and after Princess Charlotte’s marriage, the two 40-year-olds became engaged. On July 22, 1816, at the Chapel Royal in St James’s Palace, Princess Mary and Prince William Frederick were married. On the day of his marriage, Mary’s brother, The Prince Regent (the future King George IV), granted William Frederick the style of His Royal Highness. Mary and William’s marriage was childless and the couple lived at Gloucester House in Piccadilly, London and Bagshot Park, now the home of Queen Elizabeth II’s youngest child Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex. Although William Frederick had wanted to marry Mary, he often treated her unkindly. Mary’s meddling sister-in-law Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester made her situation even more difficult.

Princess Mary at age 80 on the right with her niece Queen Victoria and two of Victoria’s children, Princess Alice and the Prince of Wales (future Edward VII); Credit – Wikipedia

On November 30, 1834, at Bagshot Park, William Frederik died at the age of 58 after being ill with a fever for fifteen days. He was buried in the Gloucester Vault at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle. Mary survived him by twenty-three years and was a great favorite with all the members of the royal family particularly her niece Queen Victoria. Princess Mary died at age 81, the longest-lived and the last survivor of her parents’ fifteen children, on April 30, 1857, at Gloucester House in London and was buried with her husband.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

• En.wikipedia.org. (2018). Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria,_Duchess_of_Gloucester_and_Edinburgh [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].
• En.wikipedia.org. (2018). Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William_Frederick,_Duke_of_Gloucester_and_Edinburgh [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].
• En.wikipedia.org. (2018). Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Gloucester_and_Edinburgh_(father) [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].
• Flantzer, S. (2016). King George III of the United Kingdom. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-george-iii-of-the-united-kingdom/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].
• Flantzer, S. (2013). Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/april-30-daily-royal-featured-date/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].
• Fraser, Flora. Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III. (2004). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Van Der Kiste, John (2013). George III’s Children. New York: The History Press.
• Van Der Kiste, John. (2000). The Georgian Princesses. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing.
• Williamson, David. (1996). Brewer’s British Royalty. London: Cassell.