Author Archives: Susan

March 12: Today in Royal History

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Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York; Credit – Wikipedia

March 12, 1637 – Birth of Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, first wife of James, Duke of York (later King James II of England), at Cranbourne Lodge in Windsor, England
Anne was the daughter of Edward Hyde, later created 1st Earl of Clarendon, an adviser to Charles II,  the king in exile in the Netherlands after the English Civil War, and soon became his chief adviser. Charles appointed Hyde Lord Chancellor in 1658. In 1654, while in the Netherlands, Anne Hyde was appointed a maid of honor to Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, the widow of Willem II, Prince of Orange, and the mother of the young Willem III, Prince of Orange who would marry Anne’s daughter Mary. Anne was very attractive and stylish and attracted many men, including James, Duke of York, the future King James II of England. On November 24, 1659, Anne and James made a secret marriage in front of witnesses. James and Anne had eight children, but only two survived childhood, and both were Queens Regnant: Queen Mary II and Queen Anne. Anne Hyde never became Queen Consort as she died before her husband became king.
Unofficial Royalty: Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York

March 12, 1673 – Death of Margarita Teresa of Spain, Holy Roman Empress, the first of the three wives of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, then in the Archduchy of Austria; buried in the Imperial Crypt at the Capuchin Church in Vienna
Margarita Teresa was both first cousin and niece of her husband Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Margarita Teresa and Leopold had four children but only one survived to adulthood. Weakened from six pregnancies in six years (four living childbirths and two miscarriages), and four months into her seventh pregnancy, Margarita Teresa died on March 12, 1673, at the age of 21, and was buried in the Imperial Crypt at the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
Unofficial Royalty: Margarita Teresa of Spain, Holy Roman Empress

March 12, 1723 – Death of Anna Christine of Palatine Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont, first wife of Carlo Emanuele III, King of Sardinia, due to childbirth complications, at the Royal Palace of Turin in Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia, now in Italy; first buried at Turin Cathedral and was moved to the Basilica of Superga in Turin in 1786
Anna Christine was the first of the three wives of Carlo Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Sardina, and, after Anna Christine’s death, Carlo Emanuele III, King of Sardinia. They married in 1722 and had one son who died in early childhood. On March 12, 1723, a few days after giving birth to her son, Anna Christine, aged nineteen, died of childbirth complications.
Unofficial Royalty: Anna Christine of Palatine Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont

March 12, 1781 – Birth of Frederica of Baden, Queen of Sweden, wife of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, at Karlsruhe Palace in Karlsruhe, Margraviate of Baden now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg
Full name: Friederike Dorothea Wilhelmina
In 1797, Frederica married King Gustav IV Adolph of Sweden and had five children. After a 17-year reign, Frederica’s husband was deposed in 1809, and the couple and their family went to Frederica’s homeland, the Grand Duchy of Baden. However, the couple became incompatible and divorced in 1812. In the divorce settlement, Gustav Adolf renounced all his assets in favor of his mother and his children. He also renounced the custody and guardianship of his children. Two years later, Frederica placed her children under the guardianship of her brother-in-law, Alexander I, Emperor of Russia. Frederica acquired several residences and spent much time at her brother’s court in Karlsruhe, but she also traveled around Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, using the name Countess Itterburg after a ruin in Hesse she had acquired. During her final years, Frederica was often ill and she died from heart disease at the age of only 45.
Unofficial Royalty: Frederica of Baden, Queen of Sweden

March 12, 1821 – Birth of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria at the Würzburg Residence in Würzburg, Kingdom of Bavaria now in Bavaria, Germany
Full name: Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig
Luitpold was the regent and the real ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the mental incompetency of his nephews, King Ludwig II and King Otto. He was the third son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. In 1844, Luitpold married Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria and they had four children including Ludwig III, the last King of Bavaria. On June 10, 1886, Luitpold became Prince Regent after his nephew King Ludwig II was declared mentally incompetent. Ludwig II died three days later under mysterious circumstances, and the throne passed to Ludwig’s brother Otto. However, by this time, Otto had also been declared mentally ill, and Luitpold continued as Prince Regent. Luitpold died at the age of 91, after having developed bronchitis. He was succeeded as Regent by his eldest son, who became King Ludwig III the following year, after deposing his cousin King Otto.
Unofficial Royalty: Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria

March 12, 1958 – Death of Ingeborg of Denmark, Princess of Sweden, daughter of King Frederik VIII of Denmark, in Stockholm, Sweden;  buried in the royal cemetery in Haga Park, Solna, Sweden
Ingeborg married Prince Carl of Sweden, son of King Oscar II of Sweden, and they were the parents of Queen Astrid of Belgium and Crown Princess Märtha of Norway. Belgian Kings Baudouin and Albert II, Norwegian King Harald V, and the late Grand Duchess Josephine-Charlotte of Luxembourg, the wife of the late Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg are all grandchildren of Carl and Ingeborg. The royal families of Belgium, Luxembourg, and Norway descend from Carl and Ingeborg. Both Carl and Ingeborg lived long lives. Carl died in 1951 at the age of 90. Ingeborg survived him by seven years, dying on March 12, 1958, at age 79.
Unofficial Royalty: Ingeborg of Denmark, Princess of Sweden

March 12, 1972 – Death of Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, second wife of Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; buried in Bad Krozingen, Germany
Feodora was the great-granddaughter of Princess Feodora of Leiningen, the half-sister of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. In 1910, she married Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and they had four children. Her marriage was unhappy, and Feodora struggled to cope with the strict etiquette and protocol of the Weimar court. She soon began to throw herself into charity work, working with organizations that helped the poor. After World War I, her husband abdicated in November 1918 and the family went into exile in Heinrichau, Silesia (now Henryków, Poland), where her husband died several years later. When the area fell under Soviet occupation in World War II, the family was again forced to flee, losing their estates and many of their assets. As a means of negotiating with the authorities, Feodora agreed to sign over the Goethe and Schiller Archive, on the condition that it would be converted into a private foundation, and the family’s assets would be returned. Despite the written agreement, the government did not return many of the family’s assets, and the dispute continues to this day. Feodora settled in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, where she died on March 12, 1972, at the age of 82.
Unofficial Royalty: Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

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Kamehameha IV, King of the Hawaiian Islands

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

The Hawaiian Islands, located in the Pacific Ocean, were originally divided into several independent chiefdoms. The Kingdom of Hawaii was formed in 1795, when the warrior chief Kamehameha the Great of the independent island of Hawaii, conquered the independent islands of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, and unified them under one government and ruled as Kamehameha I, King of the Hawaiian Islands. In 1810, the whole Hawaiian archipelago became unified when Kauai and Niihau voluntarily joined the Kingdom of Hawaii. Two major dynastic families ruled the kingdom: the House of Kamehameha and the House of Kalākaua.

In 1778, British explorer James Cook visited the islands. This led to increased trade and the introduction of new technologies and ideas. In the mid-19th century, American influence in Hawaii dramatically increased when American merchants, missionaries, and settlers arrived on the islands. Protestant missionaries converted most of the native people to Christianity. Merchants set up sugar plantations and the United States Navy established a base at Pearl Harbor. The newcomers brought diseases that were new to the indigenous people including influenza, measles, smallpox, syphilis, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. At the time of James Cook’s arrival in 1778, the indigenous Hawaiian population is estimated to have been between 250,000 and 800,000. By 1890, the indigenous Hawaiian population declined had to less than 40,000.

In 1893, a group of local businessmen and politicians composed of six non-native Hawaiian Kingdom subjects, five American nationals, one British national, and one German national overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani, her cabinet, and her marshal, and took over the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii. This led to the 1898 annexation of Hawaii as a United States territory. On August 21, 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States.

In 1993, one hundred years after the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown, the United States Congress passed and President Bill Clinton signed the Apology Resolution which “acknowledges that the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and further acknowledges that the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum”. As a result, the Hawaiian sovereignty movement, a grassroots political and cultural campaign to reestablish an autonomous or independent nation or kingdom in Hawaii, was established along with ongoing efforts to redress the indigenous Hawaiian population.

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Kamehameha IV, King of the Hawaiian Islands; Credit – Wikipedia

Kamehameha IV, King of the Hawaiian Islands was born on February 9, 1834, in Honolulu on the island of Oahu in the Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands. He was the fourth of the five children and the fourth of the four sons of High Chief Mataio Kekūanaōʻa, Royal Governor of Oʻahu, and Princess Elizabeth Kīnaʻu, daughter of Kamehameha I, King of the Hawaiian Islands and Kalākua Kaheiheimālie.

Kamehameha IV had four siblings:

Both parents of Kamehameha IV were converts to Christianity and so Kamehameha IV was given the name Alekanetero, anglicized as Alexander. As a toddler, Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolanian, his full name, (Alexander will be used for the rest of the article) was adopted by his uncle King Kamehameha III who had no surviving sons. His uncle proclaimed Alexander as heir to the throne and raised him as the crown prince. While King Kamehameha III had a partial Christian upbringing and was torn between Christian guidelines and his desire to honor the old traditions, his nephew Alexander was raised as a Christian.

Alexander was educated by Congregationalist missionaries at the Chiefs’ Children’s School, later known as Royal School, in Honolulu, which is still in existence as a public elementary school, the Royal Elementary School, the oldest school on the island of Oahu. Alexander learned English and French, played the flute and the piano, and enjoyed singing, acting, and cricket. In 1848, he left the school to focus on studying law.

Geritt P. Judd and his two royal charges: Prince Lot Kapuāiwa (left) and Prince Alexander Liholiho (right); Credit – Wikipedia

From 1849 to 1852, Alexander traveled around the world with his brother Lot Kapuāiwa, the future King Kamehameha V, and their guardian Gerrit P. Judd, an American physician and missionary who had become a citizen of Hawaii and an advisor and translator to King Kamehameha III. They set sail to San Francisco in September 1849. After they toured California, they continued to Panama, Jamaica, New York City, Washington, D C., and then they crossed the Atlantic Ocean and toured Europe. They met government leaders including American President Zachary Taylor and his Vice President Millard Fillmore, French President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (later Napoleon III, Emperor of the French), Prince Albert (husband of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom – who did not meet Alexander because she was about to give birth to her son Prince Arthur), and British Foreign Secretary and future Prime Minister Lord Palmerston.  While in the United States, Alexander personally suffered racism, including when he was almost thrown out of his train car after being misidentified as a slave. His experiences with racism in the United States and the puritanical views of American missionaries in Hawaii influenced the anti-American views of Alexander and the Hawaiian royal family.

Upon returning to the Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands in 1852, Alexander’s uncle King Kamehameha III appointed him to the Privy Council and the House of Nobles where he gained much governmental experience. On December 15, 1854, King Kamehameha III died and 20-year-old Alexander succeeded him as King Kamehameha IV.

Alexander and his wife Emma; Credit – Wikipedia

On June 19, 1856, Alexander married 20-year-old Emma Rooke, whom Alexander had met at the Chiefs’ Children’s School. Emma’s father was High Chief George Naʻea and her mother was High Chiefess Fanny Kekelaokalani Young. Emma’s maternal grandfather was the British-born John Young who was an important military advisor to King Kamehameha I during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii. John Young had first come to Hawaii in 1789 on an American trading ship and spent the rest of his life in Hawaii. Some at the Hawaiian royal court felt Emma’s British descent made her unfit to be the Hawaiian queen and her lineage was not suitable enough to be Alexander’s wife.

Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Leiopapa a Kamehameha, who wanted to be a fireman, in his fireman outfit on May 1, 1862; Credit – Wikipedia

Alexander and Emma had one son, Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa a Kamehameha, born on May 20, 1858. He was named in honor of Queen Victoria’s eldest son Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII. Queen Victoria agreed to become Albert Edward’s godmother by proxy and sent an elaborate silver christening cup. Sadly, four-year-old Albert Edward died on August 27, 1862, at ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu, Oʻahu in Honolulu, possibly from meningitis but at a later time appendicitis was thought to be a more likely possibility. He was temporarily interred in a tomb in front of the palace below a tamarind tree. The mausoleum constructed for King Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu near the ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu had become crowded and Alexander ordered that a new, larger mausoleum be built.

Alexander worried about the growing American population in the Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands and was concerned about the pressures that they could exert. He particularly worried about the sugar producers because they were pushing for the United States to annex the Hawaiian Islands so that there would be free trade. Alexander strongly felt that annexation would mean the end of the monarchy and the Hawaiian people. His concerns turned out to be prophetic in 1898 when Hawaii was annexed as a United States territory.

Alexander and Emma (left) and Bishop Staley (next to them) on a stained glass window at St. Andrew’s Cathedral; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1860, Alexander and Emma petitioned the Church of England England (also known as Anglican, the Episcopal Church in the United States is the same denomination) to help establish the Church of Hawaii. Upon the arrival of Anglican Bishop Thomas Nettleship Staley and two Anglican priests in 1862, the Church of Hawaii became the official royal church. After Alexander’s death, Emma continued their work by raising funds for the construction of St. Andrew’s Cathedral in Honolulu.

The Queen’s Hospital in 1860; Credit – Wikipedia

Alexander and Emma were concerned that foreign diseases like measles, leprosy, and influenza were decimating the native Hawaiian population but the legislature refused to pass a healthcare plan. Alexander and Emma then lobbied businessmen, merchants, and wealthy residents to fund their healthcare plans. The fundraising was very successful and in 1859, The Queen’s Hospital in Honolulu was founded. Today it is known as The Queen’s Medical Center and is the largest private hospital in Hawaiʻi.

Alexander blamed himself for the 1862 death of his son Prince Albert Edward and he withdrew from public life. His continuing grief and worsening asthma contributed to his death on November 30, 1863, in Honolulu, Oahu, Kingdom of Hawaii, at the age of twenty-nine. Bishop Thomas Nettleship Staley presided over the funeral service.

In the background, the Royal Mausoleum, Mauna ʻAla, now a chapel; Credit – Wikipedia

Alexander’s burial was delayed until the west wing of the Royal Mausoleum, Mauna ʻAla (Fragrant Hills), was completed in January 1864. On February 3, 1864, Alexander’s casket was interred in the completed west wing. Later in the evening, the casket of his son Prince Albert Edward was interred next to his father. On October 30, 1865, the remains of past deceased royals were transferred in a torchlit ceremony at night to the new Royal Mausoleum, Mauna ʻAla (Fragrant Hills). On November 9, 1887, after the Royal Mausoleum became too crowded, the caskets of the members of the House of Kamehameha were moved to the newly built Kamehameha Tomb, an underground vault, under the Kamehameha Dynasty Tomb. Two additional underground vaults were built over the years. In 1922, the Royal Mausoleum, Mauna ʻAla was converted to a chapel after the last royal remains were moved to tombs constructed on the grounds.

Kamehameha Dynasty Tomb – Royal Mausoleum, Honolulu, Hawai; Credit – By Daderot. – Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1101293

Queen Emma remained active in Hawaiian politics. With the end of the House of Kamehameha in 1874, Queen Emma ran unsuccessfully to become the Kingdom’s ruling monarch. She lost to David Kalākaua who would establish a dynasty of his own, the last to rule Hawaii. Queen Emma survived her husband by twenty-two years, dying in 1885 at the age of 49.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Albert Kamehameha. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Kamehameha
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2024). Kamehameha IV. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamehameha_IV
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Kekūanaōʻa. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kek%C5%ABana%C5%8D%CA%BBa
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Kīnaʻu. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABna%CA%BBu
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Queen Emma of Hawaii. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Emma_of_Hawaii
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Mausoleum_(Mauna_%CA%BBAla)
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Hawaiian Kingdom. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom

Royal News Recap for Saturday, March 9 and Sunday, March 10, 2024

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March 11: Today in Royal History

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Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily, Queen of Sardinia; Credit – Wikipedia

March 11, 1278 – Birth of Mary of Woodstock, daughter of King Edward I of England at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire, England
Mary became a nun. She entered Amesbury Priory, a Benedictine monastery in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. Amesbury Priory, in 1285. She lived in comfort in private quarters at Amesbury Priory. In the early 1280s, Mary’s grandmother Eleanor of Provence had begun building a suite of rooms at the priory where she would live with her two granddaughters (Mary’s first cousin Eleanor of Brittany was also a nun) in a style befitting royalty. Eleanor of Provence arrived at Amesbury Priory in 1286 and she lived there until she died in 1291, when she was buried at the priory. Despite living in a style that befitted a princess, Mary followed the daily routine of a nun, communal prayer throughout the day and night, private religious reflection, and silence during the day. Mary died on May 29, 1332, aged 54, and was buried in Amesbury Priory church near her grandmother Eleanor of Provence but all the graves and tombs have been lost.
Unofficial Royalty: Mary of Woodstock

March 11, 1849 – Death of Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily, Queen of Sardinia, wife of Carlo Felice, King  of Sardinia, in Savona, Kingdom of Sardinia, now in Italy; buried with her husband at Hautecombe Abbey, now in Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille, France
Maria Cristina was the daughter of Ferdinando IV, King of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinando I, King of the Two Sicilies) and Maria Carolina of Austria. Her maternal grandmother was Maria Theresa, the sovereign ruler of the Habsburg territories from 1740 until her death in 1780, and was the only female to hold the position. In 1807, Maria Cristina married the future Carlo Felice, King of Sardina but their marriage was childless. In 1821, Carlo Felice’s brother Vittorio Emanuele I was not willing to grant a liberal constitution so he abdicated the throne of Sardinia in favor of Carlo Felice who reigned until his death in 1831. Maria Cristina survived her husband by eighteen years, dying on March 11, 1849, aged 70.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily, Queen of Sardinia

March 11, 1899 – Birth of King Frederik IX of Denmark at Sorgenfri Palace in Lyngby-Taarbæk, Denmark
Full name: Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg
With Frederik’s birth, there were four generations of Danish kings alive: the current monarch and Frederik’s great-grandfather King Christian IX, his grandfather the future King Frederik VIII, his father the future King Christian X, and baby Frederik. In 1935, Frederik married Princess Ingrid of Sweden, daughter of King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The couple had three daughters including Frederik’s successor Queen Margrethe II. In 1947, Frederik succeeded to the throne upon the death of his father King Christian X. During Frederik’s reign the 1953 Danish Act of Succession was adopted which allowed for female succession in the event that the monarch had no sons. A 2009 succession law now allows for the succession of the firstborn child regardless of gender. Frederik had a great love for music and was a talented pianist and conductor. Several recordings of orchestral music originally heard on Danish radio conducted by King Frederik have been released on CDs. In January 1972, shortly after Frederik had given his New Year speech, he became ill with flu-like symptoms. On January 3, 1972, he had a cardiac arrest and was rushed to Copenhagen Municipal Hospital. The king improved for a time but took a turn for the worse on January 11, and on January 14, 1972, King Frederik IX died at the age of 72
Unofficial Royalty: King Frederik IX of Denmark

March 11, 1922 – Death of Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, wife of Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, at Villa Fantasia in Èze, near Cannes, France; buried in the Helena Pavlovna Mausoleum on the grounds of Ludwigslust Palace in Ludwigslust, Germany
Anastasia was the only daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich of Russia son of Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia. She had six brothers, and three were murdered by the Bolsheviks. Her brother Sergei was among the five other Romanovs murdered by the Bolsheviks along with Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna on July 18, 1918. Two of her brothers, Nicholas and George, were among the four Grand Dukes murdered by the Bolsheviks on January 28, 1919. In 1879, Anastasia married the future Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. They had three children including Alexandrine who married King Christian X of Denmark. After her husband died in 1897, she preferred to stay at the hunting lodge in Gelbensande in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Cannes, France, and traveled often to St. Petersburg, Paris, and London. In 1902, Anastasia had an illegitimate son with her personal secretary, Vladimir Alexandrovitch Paltov. Anastasia, aged 61, died in Èze, France on March 11, 1922, after suffering a stroke.
Unofficial Royalty: Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

March 11, 1953 – Death of Zizi Lambrino, mistress and morganatic 1st wife of King Carol II of Romania, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Zizi Lambrino was the first wife of the future King Carol II of Romania. The couple married in 1918, but the Romanian government deemed the marriage unconstitutional and it was annulled. On August 8, 1920, in Bucharest, Zizi gave birth to the couple’s only child – a son named Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino. As Zizi and Carol’s marriage had been legally annulled, the child was considered illegitimate and was given his mother’s surname. Soon after the birth, the future Carol ended his relationship with Zizi, choosing instead to remain in line for the Romanian throne. Zizi and her son were forced to leave the country and were financially supported by the Romanian government. Zizi Lambrino died in near poverty on March 11, 1953, aged 55,  just three weeks before the death of her former husband Carol II.
Unofficial Royalty: Zizi Lambrino, mistress and morganatic 1st wife of King Carol II of Romania

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March 10: Today in Royal History

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The future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Princess Alexandra of Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia

March 10, 1452 – Birth of King Ferdinand II of Aragon at Palacio de los Sada in Sos del Rey Católico, Kingdom of Aragon, now in Spain
Ferdinand was the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile and the father of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. He was the king of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also the king of Castile from 1475 to 1504 (as Ferdinand V). He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain and together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Unofficial Royalty: King Ferdinand II of Aragon

March 10, 1746 – Death of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, now in Thuringia, Germany; buried in the Castle Church at Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen
Never expected to be Duke of Saxe-Meinigen, Friedrich Wilhelm was the fifth of the six sons of Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. When his father died in 1706, he was succeeded by his eldest son Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. Following the death of his brother, Ernst Ludwig I, in 1724, Friedrich Wilhelm served as one of the guardians for his two young nephews – Ernst Ludwig II and Karl Friedrich – during their reigns. Following the death of his nephew Karl Friedrich in 1743, he became the reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen as all his elder brothers had died in childhood. After reigning for just three years, Friedrich Wilhelm died in 1746, aged 67. As he was unmarried and had no heirs, the ducal throne passed to his younger half-brother Anton Ulrich.
Unofficial Royalty: Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

March 10, 1776 – Birth of Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, in Hanover, Electorate of Hanover now in Lower Saxony, Germany
Full name: Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie
Luise married the future King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. She was wildly popular in Prussia from the start, and descriptions of her from this time speak of her grace, goodness, and beauty. The marriage was a happy one, and the couple raised their nine children rather quietly at Paretz Palace west of Berlin. Friedrich Wilhelm became King of Prussia in 1797. As queen, Luise traveled around Prussia with her husband, becoming more well-known and well-liked. On July 19, 1810, while visiting her father, 34-year-old Luise died in her husband’s arms from an unidentified illness. Her grieving husband later instituted the Order of Louise in her name and her family mourned her death each year on July 19.
Unofficial Royalty: Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia

March 10, 1804 – Birth of Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, second wife of the future Grand Duke August I of Oldenburg, at Schaumburg Castle in the Principality of  Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, now in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Ida married the then Hereditary Prince August of Oldenburg, the widower of her elder sister Adelheid, and the couple had one son Peter, who succeeded his father. Sadly, Ida died just three years after her marriage.
Unofficial Royalty: Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, Hereditary Princess of Oldenburg

March 10, 1826 – Death of King João VI of Portugal in Lisbon, Portugal; buried at Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon, Portugal
João VI was the son of Maria I, Queen of Portugal and her husband and paternal uncle Pedro III, King of Portugal. Because Maria I’s father José I, King of Portugal had no sons, it was inevitable that Maria would become the reigning Queen of Portugal. However, since female succession to the throne of Portugal had never happened before, her father decided that Maria would marry his younger brother Infante Pedro of Portugal, then the first male in the line of succession. In 1792, because of his mother’s mental instability, João took over the government on his mother’s behalf but he did not assume the title of Prince Regent until 1799. In 1816, Maria I, Queen of Portugal died, and her son succeeded her as João VI, King of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.
Unofficial Royalty: King João VI of Portugal

March 10, 1845 – Birth of Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia
In 1866, Alexander III married Princess Dagmar of Denmark, daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark. They had six children including the ill-fated Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. Alexander III became Emperor of All Russia in 1881 upon the assassination of his father Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia. Because of his father’s assassination, Alexander III’s reign was reactionary, and it started as soon as he became Emperor. On the day of his assassination, Alexander II signed a proclamation creating a consulting group to advise the Emperor, which some considered a step toward constitutional monarchy. The new emperor, Alexander III, canceled the new policy before it was published. In 1894, Alexander became ill with nephritis, a kidney disorder. His condition rapidly deteriorated and he died on November 1, 1894, at the age of 49.
Unofficial Royalty: Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia

March 10, 1863 – Wedding of the future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Princess Alexandra of Denmark at St. George’s Chapel in Windsor, England
By 1860, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were already searching for an appropriate bride for their eldest son, known in the family as Bertie. With the help of Bertie’s older sister Vicky, by then the Crown Princess of Prussia, Queen Victoria developed a list of prospective brides. Princess Alexandra of Denmark was fifth on the list, but Vicky found her to be the perfect match for Bertie. Prince Albert agreed that Alexandra was “the only one to be chosen.” The couple first met at Speyer Cathedral in Prussia, on September 24, 1861, in a meeting arranged by Vicky. The following year, on September 9, 1862, Bertie and Alexandra became engaged at the Royal Palace of Laeken in Belgium, the home of Bertie’s great-uncle, King Leopold I of the Belgians. Bertie presented Alexandra with a ring featuring six precious stones – purposely selected so that their names would spell out ‘Bertie’ — Beryl, Emerald, Ruby, Turquoise, Jacynth, and Emerald.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Princess Alexandra of Denmark

March 10, 1864 – Death of King Maximilian II of Bavaria in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in Bavaria, Germany; buried at the Theatinerkirche in Munich
Maximilian studied history and constitutional law at the University of Göttingen and the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin (now Humboldt University) and reportedly said that had he not been born into his position, he would have liked to be a professor. In 1842, Maximilian married Marie Friederike of Prussia. The couple had two sons, King Ludwig II of Bavaria and,
King Otto of Bavaria. Both sons suffered from mental illness that severely hampered their abilities to rule Bavaria. Maximilian came to the throne suddenly in 1848, when his father abdicated, and quickly introduced reforms to the constitution to establish a more constitutional monarchy. King Maximilian II died suddenly on March 10, 1864, after a very brief illness, aged 54.
Unofficial Royalty: King Maximilian II of Bavaria

March 10, 1873 – Death of Pauline of Württemberg, Queen of Württemberg, third wife of King Wilhelm I Württemberg, in Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany; buried at the Royal Crypt in the Schlosskirche at Ludwigsburg Palace in Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of Württemberg now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
In 1820, Pauline became the third wife of her first cousin King Wilhelm I of Württemberg. The couple had three children including Wilhelm I’s successor. The couple seemed happy at first, but within a few years, Wilhelm had returned to his mistresses and the marriage became very strained. While not getting the respect she deserved from her husband, Pauline did receive much respect from the people of Württemberg, both for her devotion to helping the poor, and the fact that she had provided an heir to the throne. After King Wilhelm’s death in 1864, Pauline lived much of her remaining years in Switzerland.
Unofficial Royalty: Pauline of Württemberg, Queen of Württemberg

March 10, 1964 – Birth of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh, son of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, at Buckingham Palace in London, England
Full name: Edward Antony Richard Louis
Edward is the youngest of the four children of Queen Elizabeth II and the youngest brother of King Charles III. He studied history at Jesus College, University of Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1986. In 1999, Edward married Sophie Rhys-Jones and the couple had a daughter and a son. On his wedding day, Edward was created Earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn, breaking with the tradition of a dukedom granted to the son of the Sovereign upon marriage. Edward has a busy schedule of engagements in the United Kingdom and overseas both in support of his brother King Charles III and for the charities and organizations with which he is involved. King Charles III granted his younger brother Prince Edward the title Duke of Edinburgh on his 59th birthday, March 10, 2023. His ducal title is not hereditary, so it will become extinct on his death.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh

March 10, 1966 – Wedding of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg, civilly at the City Hall, religiously at the Westerkerk both in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Beatrix and Claus initially met at the wedding of Tatiana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse in the summer of 1964. They met again in January 1965 at a ski resort in Gstaad, Switzerland, as guests of Prince Moritz of Hesse. The release of a photograph of Claus and Beatrix together on Juliana’s birthday in April 1965 piqued public interest in the couple. A second photo of the couple walking hand in hand was released in May, appearing in British, then Dutch newspapers. Although Beatrix and Claus had hoped to keep their romance a secret for a bit longer, they released that speculation about the nature of their relationship would only increase following the release of the photos. Beatrix’s mother Queen Juliana announced the engagement to the Dutch public via television on June 28, 1965.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg

March 10, 2013 – Death of Princess Lilian of Sweden, wife of Prince Bertil of Sweden, at Villa Solbacken in Stockholm, Sweden; buried at the Royal Cemetery at Haga Park in Solna, Sweden
Born Lilian May Davies, in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom, she met Prince Bertil, son of the future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and Princess Margaret of Connaught, who was serving as a naval attaché at the Swedish Embassy in London, at a cocktail party in 1943. At that time Bertil was third in the line of succession to the Swedish throne. By the time his father came to the throne in 1950, Bertil was now second in the line of succession. His elder brother Gustaf Adolf had been killed in a plane crash in 1947, leaving an infant son, Carl Gustaf, the future King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, the heir to the throne. With the likelihood of Bertil being called to serve as Regent for his young nephew, he and Lilian chose not to marry so that he could retain his position in the Royal Family. Bertil’s father died in 1973, and Bertil’s nephew became King Carl XVI Gustaf. The rules, as well as the times, were beginning to change. In June 1976, King Carl Gustaf XVI married a commoner, Sylvia Sommerlath, and soon after, he granted his formal permission for Bertil and Lilian to marry. Prince Bertil died in 1997. Lilian survived him by sixteen years, dying at the age of 97, on March 10, 2013.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Lilian of Sweden

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Royal Birthdays & Anniversaries: March 10 – March 16

© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Below is a select list of birthdays and wedding anniversaries for current monarchies. It does not purport to be a complete list. Please see the Current Monarchies Index in the heading above for more information on current monarchies.

Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh; Credit – By UKinUSA  https://www.flickr.com/photos/ukinusa/52477479444/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=126256790

March 10, 1964 – 60th birthday of Prince Edward, The Duke of Edinburgh, born at Buckingham Palace in London, England
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Edward, The Duke of Edinburgh

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Prince Albert II of Monaco; Credit -Wikipedia

66th birthday of Prince Albert II of Monaco; born at the Prince’s Palace in Monaco on March 14, 1958
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Albert II of Monaco

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Royal News Recap for Friday, March 8, 2024

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Royal News Recaps are published Mondays-Fridays and on Sundays, except for Thanksgiving in the United States, Christmas Eve, and New Year’s Eve. The Royal News Recap for Sundays will be a weekend recap. If there is any breaking or major news, we will add an update as necessary.

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Albania

Belgium

Multiple Monarchies

Netherlands

Norway

United Kingdom

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Disclaimer: Please be advised that any media article titles or content that appear in the Royal News that identify members of royal families with their maiden names, nicknames, incorrect style or title, etc., come directly from the media source and not from Unofficial Royalty. We encourage you to contact the media sources to express your concern about their use of the incorrect name, style, title, etc. Contact information can usually be found at the bottom of each media source’s main page.

March 9: Today in Royal History

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Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, German Emperor; Credit – Wikipedia

March 9, 1566 – Murder of David Riccio, secretary, musician, and favorite of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her presence, at the Palace of Holyrood in Edinburgh, Scotland; buried in the cemetery at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland
David Riccio was an Italian musician and private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots, and was brutally murdered in the presence of the queen by a conspiracy of Protestant nobles, in part due to the jealousy of Mary’s husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. Read more about Riccio and his murder at the following link.
Unofficial Royalty: David Riccio, secretary, musician, and favorite of Mary, Queen of Scots

March 9, 1661 – Death of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, favorite of King Louis XIV of France, at the Château de Vincennes in Vincennes, France; buried at the Collège des Quatre-Nations, now Institut de France, in Paris, France
Cardinal Mazarin was a favorite of King Louis XIV of France, and perhaps the most influential person in the French court at the time. Having served prominently in the court for several years during the reign of King Louis XIII, he was formally appointed Chief Minister by Queen Anne when she assumed the regency for her young son King Louis XIV, and Mazarin remained in that position until his death in 1661. His tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution and his remains were thrown into the street.
Unofficial Royalty: Cardinal Jules Mazarin, Favorite of King Louis XIV of France

March 9, 1756 – Birth of Luise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, wife of the future Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Roda, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg now in Thuringia, Germany
In 1775, Luise married Friedrich Franz, then the Hereditary Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The couple had six children including Luise Charlotte who married Emil Leopold, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and had one daughter Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, mother of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Queen Victoria’s husband. Luise became the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin upon her husband’s accession in 1785. She died at the age of 52.
Unofficial Royalty: Luise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

March 9, 1881 – Death of Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Queen of Denmark, second wife of King Christian VIII of Denmark, at Sorgenfri Castle north of Copenhagen, Denmark; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Demark
Caroline Amalie was the only daughter of Friedrich Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark. Caroline Amalie’s mother was the only daughter of King Christian VII of Denmark and Caroline Matilda of Wales, the sister of King George III of the United Kingdom. There is strong evidence that Louise Auguste’s father was her mother’s lover Johann Friedrich Struensee. In December 1814, Caroline Amalie married the future King Christian VIII of Denmark as his second wife but their marriage remained childless. In 1839, Caroline’s husband inherited the Danish throne but he died after a nine-year reign and was succeeded by King Frederik VII, his son from his first marriage. Caroline Amalie outlived her stepson King Frederik VII and in 1863, saw the resolution of the Danish succession crisis with the establishment of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg when King Christian IX, born Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, became the King of Denmark. Queen Caroline Amalie survived her husband by 33 years, dying on March 9, 1881, surrounded by the Danish royal family, at the age of 84.
Unofficial Royalty: Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Queen of Denmark

March 9, 1888 – Death of Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, German Emperor at the Berlin Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Brandenburg, Germany; buried at Charlottenburg Palace Mausoleum in Berlin
In 1829, Wilhelm married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar and the couple had two children. Wilhelm became King of Prussia in 1861 upon the death of his childless brother King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia. During Wilhelm I’s reign as King of Prussia, the work of Otto von Bismarck, Prussian Prime Minister resulted in the unification of Germany and Bismarck then served as Chancellor of the German Empire.  In 1867, the North German Confederation was created.  It was a constitutional monarchy with the Prussian king as the head of state. After the Franco-Prussian War, on  January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France, Wilhelm was proclaimed German Emperor (Kaiser). Wilhelm I was succeeded by his son Friedrich III, husband of Victoria, Princess Royal.  Already ill with throat cancer, Friedrich reigned only three months and was succeeded by his son Wilhelm II. 1888 is known as the “year of the three emperors.”
Unofficial Royalty: Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, German Emperor

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Henry FitzRoy, Illegitimate Son of King Henry I of England

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

King Henry I of England, father of Henry FitzRoy; Credit – Wikipedia

Born 1103 or 1105, and certainly by 1109, Henry FitzRoy was the illegitimate son of King Henry I of England and Princess Nest ferch Rhys, a Welsh princess, the daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, the last king of Deheubarth, and Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn. Through his son Gruffydd ap Rhys, Nest’s father is an ancestor of the House of Tudor. After the death in battle of Nest’s father, the Kingdom of Deheubarth was conquered by the English. As the daughter of the last king of Deheubarth, Nest was a valuable asset and was taken as a hostage to the court of King William II Rufus of England. Although only about fourteen years old at the time, Nest caught the eye of the brother of King William II Rufus, the future King Henry I, and gave birth to his son, Henry FitzRoy. Henry’s surname FitzRoy comes from the Anglo-Norman Fitz, meaning “son of” and Roy, meaning “king”, implying the original bearer of the surname was a child of a king. Henry FitzRoy’s paternal grandparents were King William I of England (the Conqueror) and Matilda of Flanders.

King Henry I holds the record for the British monarch with the most illegitimate children, 25 or so illegitimate children who were Henry FitzRoy’s half-siblings.

Henry FitzRoy’s royal half-siblings, the children of his father King Henry I and his first wife Matilda of Scotland:

Henry FitzRoy also had five half-siblings from his mother’s marriage to Gerald FitzWalter of Windsor:

  • William FitzGerald, Lord of Carew and Emlyn (circa 1100 – 1173), married Maria de Montgomery, has twelve children
  • Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llanstephan, Naas, and Maynooth (circa 1105 – circa 1176), married Alice de Montgomery, had seven children
  • David FitzGerald, Archdeacon of Cardigan and Bishop of St David’s (1106 – 1176)
  • Angharad FitzGerald (circa 1104 – 1176), married William Fitz Odo de Barry, had five children
  • Gwladys FitzGerald (1110 – 1136), married John de Cogan, had one son

Henry FitzRoy was married but his wife’s name is unknown. Henry and his wife had four children:

  • Meiler FitzHenry, Justiciar of Ireland (? – 1220), wife’s name is unknown, had at least one daughter
  • Robert FitzHenry (? – circa 1180)
  • Elizabeth FitzHenry (? – circa 1164)
  • Amabilis FitzHenry (? – 1185), married Walter de Riddlesford, I, Baron of Bray, County Wicklow and Kilkea, had two children

The ruins of Narbeth Castle; Credit – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narberth_Castle#/media/File:Narberth_castle_pembrokeshire.jpg:~:text=By%20WestWalesP%20%2D%20Own%20work%20by%20uploader%20as%20Gwala%20Images%2C%20CC%20BY%2DSA%203.0%2C%20https%3A//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php%3Fcurid%3D6894688

Henry FitzRoy was given land in Narberth and Pebidiog in Pembrokeshire, Wales by his father King Henry I, and was considered Lord of Narberth Castle. In 1157, during the reign of his nephew King Henry II of England, Henry FitzRoy led an English expedition to Wales to attack the Welsh forces under Owain Gwynedd, King of Gwynedd. On the Isle of Anglesey off the north-west coast of Wales, Henry’s forces torched the churches in Llanbedrgoch and Llanfair Mathafarn Eithaf. During the next night, Owain Gwynedd’s forces gathered and then ambushed and defeated the English army the next morning, killing Henry FitzRoy in “a shower of lances”. His burial site is unknown.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Ashley, Mike. (1998). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. Carroll & Graf Publishers.
  • Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King Henry I of England. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-henry-i-of-england/
  • Henry Fitzroy. geni_family_tree. (2022). https://www.geni.com/people/Henry-FitzRoy/6000000002134174332
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023b). Nest Ferch Rhys. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest_ferch_Rhys
  • Nest Verch Rhys. geni_family_tree. (2022). https://www.geni.com/people/Nest-verch-Rhys/6000000002931039490
  • Princess Nest. Historic UK. (2023). https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/Princess-Nest/
  • Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2023). Henry Fitzroy. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_FitzRoy_(died_1158)
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2022). Henry FitzHenry. Wikipedia (German). https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_FitzHenry

Royal News Recap for Thursday, March 7, 2024

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Royal News Recaps are published Mondays-Fridays and on Sundays, except for Thanksgiving in the United States, Christmas Eve, and New Year’s Eve. The Royal News Recap for Sundays will be a weekend recap. If there is any breaking or major news, we will add an update as necessary.

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Albania

Monaco

Norway

Saudi Arabia

Spain

United Kingdom

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Disclaimer: Please be advised that any media article titles or content that appear in the Royal News that identify members of royal families with their maiden names, nicknames, incorrect style or title, etc., come directly from the media source and not from Unofficial Royalty. We encourage you to contact the media sources to express your concern about their use of the incorrect name, style, title, etc. Contact information can usually be found at the bottom of each media source’s main page.