Monthly Archives: December 2016

January 1917: Royalty and World War I

by Susan Flantzer

  • Commander The Honorable Richard Orlando Beaconsfield Bridgeman
  • Timeline: January 1, 1917 – January 31, 1917
  • A Note About German Titles
  • January 1917 – Royals/Nobles/Peers/Sons of Peers Who Died In Action

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Commander The Honorable Richard Orlando Beaconsfield Bridgeman

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Commander The Honorable Richard Orlando Beaconsfield Bridgeman; Photo Credit – http://www.birminghamhistory.net

The Honorable Richard Orlando Beaconsfield Bridgeman was born on February 28, 1879 in the Chelsea section of London, England. He was the sixth of the seven children of George Cecil Orlando Bridgeman, 4th Earl of Bradford and Lady Ida Frances Annabella Lumley, daughter of Richard George Lumley, 9th Earl of Scarbrough.

Bridgeman has a couple of connections to royalty. His mother served for 35 years as Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Mary, wife of King George V, first while she was Princess of Wales and then also when she was Queen Consort. In addition, one of Richard’s sisters, Lady Margaret Alice Bridgeman, married John Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 7th Duke of Buccleuch and was the mother of Lady Alice Christabel Montagu-Douglas-Scott who married Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, son of King George V. Therefore, Bridgeman was the uncle of Lady Alice and is the great uncle of the current Duke of Gloucester who is also named Richard.

Bridgeman was christened on April 10, 1879 at the Castle Bromwich Hall church with close family friend, former Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, as one of his godparents. He grew up with his six siblings at Castle Bromwich Hall and at Weston Park.

Bridgeman’s six siblings:

Bridgeman joined the Royal Navy at the age of thirteen. He later commanded gunboats in China and a destroyer in the North Sea, and served during the Boer War. In 1911, Bridgeman served as First Lieutenant aboard the RMS Medina which took King George V and Queen Mary to India for the Delhi Durbar.  In 1914, during World War I, Bridgeman served as Commander of HMS Hyacinth, a ship of the East Coast of Africa Blockading Squadron.  In 1915, during the operation to destroy the German cruiser SMS Königsberg, Bridgeman participated in preliminary reconnoissances as an observer in seaplanes. With the use of his sketches and photographs, it was possible to determine the correct position of Königsberg and severely damage it. For his work on that mission, Bridgeman received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO).

On January 6, 1917, Bridgeman, acting as the observer, set off on a reconnaissance flight over the Rufiji River Delta with pilot and aviation pioneer Edwin Moon. They were forced to land because of engine trouble and landed in a creek of the Rufiji River Delta. Forced to destroy the seaplane to avoid its capture by the Germans, Bridgeman and Edwin Moon then spent three days in the delta trying to avoid capture. During this time they had little or nothing to eat and had to continually swim across the creeks because the vegetation on the banks was impenetrable. On January 7, they constructed a raft from the window frame of a house. After two days of drifting on the raft, they were swept out to sea on the morning of January 9. Bridgeman was not a strong swimmer and died of exhaustion and exposure. Edwin Moon tried to keep Bridgeman’s body on the raft, but it slipped off into the sea. After Moon had been on the raft for thirteen hours, the tide turned and the raft was tossed upon the shore. Moon was rescued by natives who handed him over to the Germans. The body of Commander The Honorable Richard Bridgeman washed ashore a few days

After Moon had been on the raft for thirteen hours, the tide turned and the raft was tossed upon the shore. Moon was rescued by local villagers who handed him over to the Germans. The body of Commander The Honorable Richard Bridgeman washed ashore a few days afterward and was buried by the Germans. Moon was held in a prisoner of war camp until November of 1917. After his release from the prisoner of war camp, Moon, who had previously received a Distinguished Service Order (DSO), received a bar for his DSO for the display of “the greatest gallantry in attempting to save the life of his companion.” Bridgeman’s remains were later re-buried in the Dar es Salaam War Cemetery now in Tanzania.

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The final resting place of Commander The Honorable Richard Bridgeman in the Dar es Salaam War Cemetery; Photo Credit – http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums

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Timeline: January 1, 1916 – January 31, 1917

  • January 3–4 – Battle of Behobeho in Behobeho, German East Africa (now Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania)
  • January 9 – Battle of Rafa at the Sinai-Palestine border
  • January 11 – March 13 – British raid the Ancre in France
  • January 16 – German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends a telegram to his ambassador in Mexico, instructing him to propose to the Mexican government an alliance against the United States

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A Note About German Titles

Many German royals and nobles died in World War I. The German Empire consisted of 27 constituent states, most of them ruled by royal families. Scroll down to German Empire here to see what constituent states made up the German Empire.  The constituent states retained their own governments, but had limited sovereignty. Some had their own armies, but the military forces of the smaller ones were put under Prussian control. In wartime, armies of all the constituent states would be controlled by the Prussian Army and the combined forces were known as the Imperial German Army. German titles may be used in Royals Who Died In Action below. Refer to Unofficial Royalty: Glossary of German Noble and Royal Titles.

24 British peers were also killed in World War I and they will be included in the list of those who died in action. In addition, more than 100 sons of peers also lost their lives, and those that can be verified will also be included.

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January 1917 – Royals/Nobles/Peers/Sons of Peers Who Died In Action

The list is in chronological order and does contain some who would be considered noble instead of royal. The links in the last bullet for each person is that person’s genealogical information from Leo’s Genealogics Website or to The Peerage website If a person has a Wikipedia page, their name will be linked to that page.

Commander The Honorable Richard Orlando Beaconsfield Bridgeman (see above)

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Photo Credit – http://photos.geni.com/

Henry Gorell Barnes, 2nd Baron Gorell

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Sub-Lieutenant The Honorable Alan Boyle de Blaquiere

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Photo Credit – http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Middlesex/LordsWW1.html

Brigadier General The Honorable Walter Long

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Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2016

Contemporary drawing of Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales; Credit – Wikipedia

Edward of Middleham was one of the seven Princes of Wales who never became King. The others are:

Edward of Middleham was probably born in December 1473 at Middleham Castle, near York, England. At the time of his birth, his parents were the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the future King Richard III and his wife Lady Anne Neville. Edward was a sickly child and spent most of his time at Middleham Castle.

Middleham Castle; By CJW – CJW, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2831364

Two years before Edward’s birth, his paternal uncle King Edward IV had once and for all defeated King Henry VI and the Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses. On April 9, 1483, King Edward IV died, several weeks before his 41st birthday, and his 13-year-old son became King Edward V with his uncle (and Edward’s father) Richard, Duke of Gloucester as his Lord Protector. Richard feared that the Woodvilles, the family of Edward IV’s wife, Elizabeth Woodville, would attempt to take control of the young king. Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, the young king’s maternal uncle, and Sir Richard Grey, the young king’s half-brother, were arrested and executed.

The Duke of Gloucester had his nephew brought to the Tower of London on May 19, 1483, to await his coronation, which never happened. The widowed Elizabeth Woodville and her children sought sanctuary at Westminster Abbey, fearing the Duke of Gloucester’s further actions. Elizabeth was persuaded to let her second son, Richard, Duke of York, leave sanctuary and join his lonely brother at the Tower of London. Richard joined his brother on June 16, 1483. The two boys, who were Edward’s first cousins, were seen less and less until by the end of the summer of 1483, when they disappeared from public view altogether. Their fate is unknown.

Richard, Duke of Gloucester was then informed that Edward IV’s marriage was invalid because he had previously contracted to marry Lady Eleanor Butler, who was living when the marriage to Elizabeth took place. This made Edward IV and Elizabeth’s children illegitimate and upheld Richard’s claim to the throne. The citizens of London drew up a petition asking Richard to assume the throne, which he agreed to on June 26, 1483. On July 6, 1483, Richard and his wife Anne Neville were crowned in Westminster Abbey, but their son Edward did not attend, probably due to illness.

On August 24, 1483, Edward was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.  During the summer of 1483, King Richard III and Queen Anne made a royal progress of their kingdom.  Edward joined them at Pontefract Castle in West Yorkshire, England, and accompanied them to York.  On September 8, 1483, Edward’s ceremonial investiture as Prince of Wales was held at York Minster in York, England

Contemporary illumination of Richard III, his queen Anne Neville, and their son Edward the Prince of Wales; Credit – Wikipedia

King Richard III and Queen Anne were on a royal progress and had reached Nottingham when they heard the news that on April 9, 1484, Edward died of unknown causes at the age of ten at his birthplace, Middleham Castle. The Croyland Chronicle reported, “You might have seen his father and mother in a state almost bordering madness, by reason of their sudden grief.”  His burial place is unknown.  For a very long time, it was thought that an effigy on a cenotaph (empty tomb) in St. Helen and Holy Cross Church in Sheriff Hutton, England was Edward, but it is now thought to be an earlier member of the Neville family.

Edward’s mother Anne survived her son by less than a year, dying most likely of tuberculosis, on March 16, 1485, at the Palace of Westminster. Her husband King Richard III survived her by only five months, losing his crown and his life on August 22, 1485, at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited
“Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales.” Wikipedia. N.p.: Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016. Web. 5 Nov. 2016.
Susan. “Anne Neville, queen of England.” British Royals. Unofficial Royalty, 19 June 2016. Web. 5 Nov. 2016.
Williamson, David. Brewer’s British Royalty. London: Cassell, 1996. Print.

Queen Paola of Belgium hospitalized with spine fracture

Photo Credit – Wikipedia

According to the official website of the Belgian Monarchy, “As a result of a spinal fracture caused by a fall, Her Majesty Queen Paola has been admitted to the Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc in Brussels, Belgium. Fortunately, the injury has caused no neurological complications. Rehabilitation of Her Majesty Queen Paola will take several months.” Queen Paola, aged 79, is the wife of King Albert II who abdicated in favor of their son King Philippe in 2013.

Queen Paola is the fifth royal who has had medical issues this past week: Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Queen Sonja of Norway both missed Christmas services due to cold, Queen Silvia of Sweden was hospitalized after feeling dizzy and Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg was hospitalized with bronchitis.

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Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French

by Scott Mehl  © Unofficial Royalty 2016

Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French; Credit – Wikipedia

Empress Eugénie of the French was the wife of Emperor Napoleon III, the last French monarch. She was born Doña María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick on May 5, 1826, in Granada, Spain. Her parents were Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero,8th Count of Montijo  and María Manuela Enriqueta Kirkpatrick de Closbourn y de Grevigné, and she had one older sister:

At six years old, she left Spain for Paris where she attended the Convent of the Sacré Coeur and the Gymnase Normal, Civil et Orthosomatique. In 1837, she left for a boarding school in the United Kingdom, with her sister, to learn English. In addition to her formal schooling, she also received an extensive education at home, under two English governesses. When her father died in 1839, the sisters returned to their mother in Madrid. Because of her mother’s position in Spanish society, Eugenie met Queen Isabella II of Spain and took several trips in Europe to find an appropriate husband.

Eugénie first met Prince Louis Napoléon in April 1849. At the time, he was president of the Second Republic. His attempts to seduce her failed, as she insisted on marriage before any physical relationship. Louis Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon III in December 1852, and the following month, on January 22, 1853, he announced his engagement to Eugénie. Following a civil ceremony at the Tuileries Palace, the couple married at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris on January 29, 1853. They had one son:

Eugénie with her husband and son, c1864. source: Wikipedia

Despite initial reservations about her less-than-royal background, Eugénie quickly became beloved by the French people. She traveled extensively, representing the Emperor – including the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 – and served as Regent during his absences from the country. She also became a close advisor to her husband, who often consulted her on important issues.

Villa Eugénie in Biarritz. source: Wikipedia

In 1854, they had a large summer villa – Villa Eugénie – built in Biarritz, where Eugénie often hosted Queen Victoria and other foreign royals. At the time, a small sleepy town, Biarritz quickly became a very popular destination for many of Europe’s royal and noble families. Today, the villa is known as the Hôtel du Palais, one of the most exclusive resorts in the area.

During the Franco-Prussian War, Eugénie served as Regent while her husband and son served on the German front. After several losses, she took it upon herself to name a new government and argued against her husband’s plan to return to Paris. A month later, the French forces were defeated at the Battle of Sedan, and the Emperor surrendered. As rioting began in Paris, the Empress quickly fled the city, making her way to England. By the time she set sail, the Second Empire had come to an end.

Eventually joined by her husband, the couple settled in Chislehurst in Kent, England. Widowed in 1873, she also lost her only son in 1879. She had developed a close friendship with Queen Victoria and spent several months at Osborne House after her son’s death. A few years later, in 1887, she was named godmother of Queen Victoria’s granddaughter Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (later Queen of Spain). By then, she was living at Farnborough Hill in Hampshire, England. A few years later, in 1892, she had a Villa Cyrnos built in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin on the French Riviera, where she often hosted visits from Queen Victoria and other European royals, including Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia in 1909.

Empress Eugénie visiting wounded soldiers at Farnborough Hall, 1914. source: Wikipedia

Very active during World War I, Eugénie supported several hospitals in France and funded a military hospital at Farnborough Hill. She also donated her yacht to the British Navy. For her contributions to the war effort, she was made a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in 1919 by King George V.

Empress Eugénie, photographed in 1920. source: Wikipedia

Empress Eugénie died on July 11, 1920, while visiting relatives at the Liria Palace in Madrid. She is buried in the Imperial Crypt at St. Michael’s Abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire, England with her husband and son.

Sarcophagus of Eugénie, above the altar, at St. Michael’s Abbey; Credit – Wikipedia

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

France Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg hospitalized

Grand Duke Jean with his son Grand Duke Henri and his grandson Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume; Photo: Zimbio

Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg was hospitalized a few days ago due to bronchitis.  He is recovering but is expected to remain in the hospital for a few more days.  Grand Duke Jean will be 96-years-old on January 5, 2017.  In 2000, he abdicated the throne in favor of his eldest son Grand Duke Henri.

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Queen Sonja of Norway misses Christmas service due to illness

Queen Sonja of Norway; Photo Credit – Wikipedia

This is the Christmas of the sick Queens!  The Norwegian Royal Family spends Christmas at the Royal Lodge in Holmenkollen near Oslo, Norway and attends Christmas services at Holmenkollen Chapel.  79-year-old Queen Sonja of Norway, the wife of King Harald V of Norway, did not attend the services because she was suffering from a cold.  Queen Silvia of Sweden was hospitalized on December 23 (her birthday!) because of dizziness and was released on Christmas morning.  Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom also was sick with a cold that prevented her from attending Christmas services.

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Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, Napoleon III, Emperor of the French

by Scott Mehl    © Unofficial Royalty 2016

source: Wikipedia

Napoleon III, Emperor of the French; Credit: Wikipedia

Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, was the last monarch of France, reigning from 1852 until 1870. He was born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (typically known as Louis-Napoléon) in Paris, France, on April 20, 1808. His parents were Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland (younger brother of Emperor Napoleon I) and Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Emperor Napoleon’s first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais, and her first husband Alexandre de Beauharnais.

He had two elder siblings:

Louis-Napoléon’s christening took place at the Palace of Fontainebleau in France on November 4, 1810 – over two years after his birth – with Emperor Napoleon I and his wife, Empress Marie Louise, serving as his godparents.

Following Emperor Napoleon’s defeat at the  Battle of Waterloo and the subsequent Bourbon Restoration, all members of the Bonaparte family were forced to leave France. Louis-Napoleon and his mother settled in Switzerland, where Hortense purchased Schloss Arenberg. Louis-Napoleon studied for some time in Augsburg, Bavaria, and developed a slight German accent that would remain for the rest of his life.

In 1823, the family moved to Rome, and Louis-Napoleon became involved with the Carbonari, fighting against Austria’s presence in northern Italy. Forced to flee in 1831, he soon made his way back to France. Traveling incognito with his mother using the name Hamilton, they arrived in Paris on April 31, 1831. In a secret meeting, the French King Louis-Philippe permitted them to remain in Paris, provided they remained incognito, and their stay was brief. However, their identities were soon discovered, and they were forced to leave the city just a week later and traveled back to Switzerland.

Louis-Napoléon joined the Swiss Army and began writing about his political views. After he made an unsuccessful coup attempt in October 1836, King Louis Philippe demanded that he be turned over to France, but the Swiss government refused because he was a Swiss citizen. Louis-Napoléon traveled to London, Brazil, and New York, and returned to Switzerland in the fall of 1837 to be at his mother’s deathbed. After the death of his mother, Hortense, on October 5, 1837, Louis-Napoleon spent some time at Schloss Arenberg before returning to London the following year. He soon began plans for another attempt to take the French throne. Sailing to Boulogne in 1840, he was quickly arrested. A quick trial took place, and he was sentenced to life in prison in the fortress of Ham. While imprisoned, he published essays and articles in numerous newspapers and magazines throughout France. Still hoping to fulfill his quest to claim the French throne, Louis-Napoleon escaped from Ham in May 1846.  While renovations were being made to his cell, he disguised himself as one of the workers and walked out through the main gates. Following his escape, he quickly made his way back to England. The next month, his father died, leaving Louis-Napoleon as the sole heir to the Bonaparte dynasty.

The French Revolution of 1848 led to King Louis-Philippe’s abdication and the declaration of the Second Republic. Louis-Napoleon quickly left for France, while the deposed King went into exile in England. Ignoring his advisers who urged him to seize power, Louis-Napoleon declared his loyalty to the Republic and returned to London, where he closely watched events unfold in his homeland. In September 1848, he was elected to the French National Assembly and returned to Paris as the country prepared to elect the first President of the French Republic. He immediately announced he would run for resident of the French Republic, and on December 20, 1848, was declared the winner of the election. Taking the title Prince-President, Louis-Napoleon took up residence at the Élysée Palace.

After a failed attempt to change the law, which would have required him to step down at the end of his four-year term, Louis-Napoleon soon saw a chance to take power by force. In December 1851, with the support of several military generals, Louis-Napoleon’s forces took control of the national printing office and newspaper offices. Posters were quickly put up announcing the dissolution of the National Assembly, the return of universal suffrage, and new elections. Quickly overpowering his opponents, Louis-Napoleon established himself as the sole source of rule within France, supported by a referendum held in December 1851, in which the overwhelming majority of voters agreed to his claim of power.

Not content with being a Prince-President, he arranged for the Senate to schedule another referendum to decide if he should be declared Emperor. On December 2, 1852, following an overwhelming vote in his favor, the Second Republic ended and the Second French Empire was declared. Louis-Napoleon took the throne as Napoleon III, Emperor of the French. He quickly made the Tuileries Palace in Paris his official residence.

Napoleon with his wife and son, c1862. source: Wikipedia

Napoleon with his wife and son, circa 1862. source: Wikipedia

After being turned down by Princess Carola of Vasa (the granddaughter of the deposed Swedish King Gustaf IV Adolf), and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (a niece of Queen Victoria), Napoleon III found his future bride, Eugénie de Montijo, Countess of Teba and Marquise of Ardales. The two first met in 1849 at a reception at the Eylsée Palace. Just weeks after becoming Emperor, Napoleon announced the couple’s engagement, and they were married a week later. A civil ceremony was held on January 29, 1853, at the Tuileries Palace, followed by a religious ceremony on January 30, 1853, at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. They had one son:

The early years of Napoleon III’s reign saw a heavily censored press and a Legislature nearly unanimous in its support.  By the early 1860s, censorship had been eased, and a more liberal regime emerged.  The Emperor improved conditions for the poor and ensured that education was mandatory and free for all French citizens.  He promoted industry and banking, developed the rail system throughout France, and worked to build strong political and economic relationships with the United Kingdom and other allies throughout Europe.

In July 1870, France entered the Franco-Prussian War. Without significant allied support and with unprepared and limited forces, the French army was quickly defeated. Emperor Napoleon was captured at the Battle of Sedan and surrendered on September 1, 1870. As word reached Paris, the Third Republic was declared on September 4, 1870, ending the French monarchy for the final time. The Prussians held Napoleon III in a castle in Wilhelmshöhe, near Kassel. After peace was established between France and Germany in March 1871, the former Emperor was released and quickly went into exile. Arriving in England on March 20, 1871, Napoleon and his family settled at Camden Place, a large country house in Chislehurst, England.

the last known photo of Emperor Napoleon III, 1872. source: Wikipedia

The last known photo of Emperor Napoleon III, 1872. source: Wikipedia

After falling ill in the summer of 1872 and undergoing two operations, Emperor Napoleon III died at his home, Camden Place, on January 9, 1873. He was initially buried at St. Mary’s Catholic Church in Chislehurst, England, but in 1888, his remains were moved to the Imperial Crypt at St. Michael’s Abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire, England.

Sarcophagus of Napoleon III of France at St. Michael’s Abbey; Credit – Wikipedia

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

France Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Christmas 2016: Queen Elizabeth II’s Christmas Broadcast

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On each Christmas Day at 3 PM United Kingdom time, Queen Elizabeth II’s Christmas Broadcast is viewed by families across the United Kingdom, even by the Royal Family who sit down to their Christmas dinner at Sandringham House at 1:15 PM so they will be ready to watch the broadcast together. This year’s broadcast can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvSsmBDY_fk

Official Website of the British Monarchy: History of the Christmas Broadcast

Queen Elizabeth II misses Christmas service because of a “heavy cold”

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Queen Elizabeth II missed Christmas services for the first time in 28 years because of a heavy cold.  A palace spokesperson said, “Her Majesty the Queen will not attend church at Sandringham this morning. The Queen continues to recover from a heavy cold and will stay indoors to assist with her recovery. Her Majesty will participate in the Royal Family Christmas celebrations during the day.”  Zara and Mike Tindall were not seen as the Royal Family made their annual walk to Christmas services.  It was announced yesterday that the Queen’s granddaughter had suffered a miscarriage.  However, her mother Princess Anne, The Princess Royal and her brother Peter Phillips and his family attended the Christmas services. Click on the links for more photos.

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Prince George and Princess Charlotte are spending Christmas with the Middleton family in Bucklebury, Berkshire and attended Christmas services there.

Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, Queen of the French

by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2016

painting by Louis Hersent. source: Wikipedia

Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, Queen of the French; Credit – Wikipedia

Princess Maria Amalia Teresa of Naples and Sicily was the wife of Louis Philippe I, King of the French. She was born on April 26, 1782, at the Caserta Palace in Caserta, Kingdom of Naples, now in Italy, to King Ferdinand IV of Naples, later, Ferdinando I, King of the Two Sicilies, and Maria Carolina of Austria. At the time, Naples and Sicily were two independent kingdoms. Years later, Ferdinand joined them together as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, becoming King of the Two Sicilies. This made him the founder of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon.

Maria Amalia had 17 siblings:

While still very young, Maria Amalia was engaged to her first cousin, Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin of France. His mother, Queen Marie Antoinette, was Maria Amalia’s maternal aunt. However, the engagement ended upon his death in 1789 during the French Revolution. Maria Amalia’s youth was spent in upheaval. The events in France, particularly the execution of her aunt, and subsequent conflict during the First Coalition soon found the family fleeing Sicily. After spending two years in Austria, the family returned to Naples in 1802. Four years later, when Napoleon invaded, the family again fled,  settling in Palermo, where British forces protected them.

In Palermo, in 1806, Maria Amalia met her future husband, Louis Philippe, who had also been forced from his home in France. The relationship was not without controversy, primarily because of Louis Philippe’s father’s role in the downfall and eventual execution of Maria Amalia’s aunt, Marie Antoinette. Finally winning over Maria Amalia’s mother, the couple were married in Palermo on November 25, 1809. The bride took the French version of her name, Marie Amélie.

The couple had ten children:

Marie Amélie with her eldest son, c1818. source: Wikipedia

Marie Amélie with her eldest son, circa 1818; Credit –  Wikipedia

For the first several years of their marriage, Marie Amélie and Louis Philippe lived in Palermo at the Palazzo Orléans, a palace given to them by her father, where they raised their growing family. Following the Bourbon Restoration, the family was permitted to return to France, taking up residence at the Palais-Royal in Paris. Despite their limited financial resources, they spent millions of francs restoring the palace and turning it into one of the centers of Parisian high society.

In 1830, King Charles X of France was overthrown during the July Revolution and forced to abdicate. Charles X named Louis Philippe as Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, entrusting him to name the King’s grandson as his successor and to serve as regent. Instead, the Chamber of Deputies named Louis Philippe the King, swearing him as King of the French on August 9, 1830. Marie Amélie found herself, very reluctantly, as Queen of the French. She was strongly against her husband accepting the throne and tried to refuse it on his behalf. She saw the throne as nothing but a means of destroying her peaceful family life and putting all their lives in constant jeopardy.

Marie Amélie avoided politics at all costs and did everything in her power to remain quietly in the background. Her time was spent primarily raising her large family and in the charity work that had been a part of her life for many years. During her husband’s reign, she became known for her simple life, shying away from formal functions, and giving most of her large allowance to the poor.

However strongly Marie Amélie had been against her husband accepting the throne, she was just as strongly in support of his retaining it. When he was forced to abdicate on February 24, 1848, Marie Amélie was heartbroken that he had not taken her advice to take control of the troops and defend his crown. Two days later, the National Assembly declared the Second Republic, once again ending the French monarchy. The family left Paris and was eventually welcomed in England by Queen Victoria, who gave them the use of Claremont House in Surrey, England.

Queen Marie Amélie, c1865. source: Wikipedia

Queen Marie Amélie, c1865. source: Wikipedia

After her husband died in 1850, Marie Amélie lived a very private life, spending time with her family and enjoying a close relationship with the British Royal Family.

At the age of 83, Queen Marie Amélie died at Claremont House in Surrey, England, on March 24, 1866. She was buried at the St. Charles Borromeo Chapel in Weybridge, England, and per her request, her gravestone identified her as Duchess of Orléans instead of Queen of the French. Ten years later, her remains, along with those of her husband, were moved to the Chapelle royale de Dreux in Dreux, France.

Memorial to Louis Philippe and Maria Amalia at the Royal Chapel of Dreux; Credit – Wikipedia by Real politik – Own work

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