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Lovisa of Sweden, Queen of Denmark, Credit – Wikipedia

October 31, 1214 – Death of Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile, daughter of King Henry II of England and wife of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, at the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos, Kingdom of Castile, now in Spain; buried at the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas
In 1177, Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile. They had twelve children. Eleanor was particularly interested in supporting religious institutions. In 1179, she had a shrine built at Toledo Cathedral in honor of St. Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury who had been murdered at Canterbury Cathedral by four of her father’s knights. King Alfonso VIII died from a fever on October 5, 1214. Eleanor was so distraught over his death that she was unable to attend his funeral. She then became ill and died at the age of 53, less than a month after the death of her husband.
Unofficial Royalty: Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile

October 31, 1732 – Death of Vittorio Amedeo II, former King of Sardinia at the Castle of Rivoli in Turin, Duchy of Savoy, now in Italy; buried at the Basilica of Superga in Turin
Vittorio Amedeo II reigned as King of Sardinia from 1720 – 1730 but he had also reigned as King of Sicily from 1713 – 1720, and was Duke of Savoy from the death of his father in 1675 until his abdication in 1730. He married Anne Marie d’Orléans, the daughter of King Louis XIV of France’s only sibling Philippe, Duke of Orléans and his first wife Henrietta of England. They had six children. In 1730, two years after the death of his wife, Vittorio Amedeo privately and morganatically married Anna Canalis di Cumiana who had been his mistress when she was a lady-in-waiting to Vittoria Amedeo’s mother. When Vittorio Amedeo announced his marriage to the court, he also abdicated and retired from the royal court. His son succeeded him as Carlo Emanuele III, King of Sardinia. On February 5, 1732, Vittorio Amedeo suffered a stroke, and his health drastically deteriorated. He asked to move to the Castle of Moncalieri near Turin and was transported there on a litter guarded by a company of soldiers. He died there at the age of 66.
Unofficial Royalty: Vittorio Amedeo II, King of Sardinia

October 31, 1765 – Death of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II of Great Britain, at Upper Grosvenor Street in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England
Fans of Diana Gabaldon‘s novels of The Outlander series and the television series of the same name know that the Battle of Culloden in 1746 resulted in a decisive defeat of the Jacobite forces that wanted to restore the heirs of Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England/ VII of Scotland to the throne. Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland was the commander of the British troops at the Battle of Culloden and is known by the nicknames “The Butcher of Culloden” and “Butcher Cumberland.” William Augustus never married and his final years were lived out under the reign of his nephew King George III. He grew quite fat and suffered a series of strokes before dying at the age of 44 at his London home in Upper Grosvenor Street.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland

October 31, 1785 – Death of Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, husband of Princess Mary of Great Britain, daughter of King George II of Great Britain, at Castle Wessenstein (now known as Castle Wilhelmshöhe) in Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, now in Hesse, Germany; buried at the Roman Catholic Church of St. Elisabeth in Kassel
Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was the husband of Princess Mary of Great Britain, daughter of King George II of Great Britain. He became famous during the American Revolution as a supplier of thousands of Hessian soldiers who fought on behalf of the British. Friedrich and his wife Mary are ancestors of the current British royal family through their fourth son Prince Friedrich. Through their third son Prince Karl, Friedrich and Mary are also the ancestors of six of the ten current European monarchies: Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. In 1785, Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel died suddenly from a stroke at the age of 65.
Unofficial Royalty: Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

October 31, 1786 – Death of Princess Amelia of Great Britain, daughter of King George II of Great Britain, at Cavendish Square in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England
Amelia never married. After the death of her mother Queen Caroline in 1737, Amelia became the constant companion to her father. She also acted as hostess for her unmarried brother Prince William, Duke of Cumberland. Amelia was the last surviving child of her parents and lived for the first twenty-six years of the reign of her nephew King George III. Because of her deafness, Amelia retired from court life. She lived in a home in Cavendish Square when in London and had a country estate, Gunnersbury Park, in the London Borough of Hounslow where she was famous for her parties and political intrigues. In October 1786, Amelia knew she was dying and she put her affairs in order and made arrangements to provide for her servants. She left nothing to her relatives in England, instead, she left her estate to her three Hesse-Kassel nephews, the children of her sister Princess Mary. Amelia died at the age of 75,  at her home in Cavendish Square, London.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Amelia of Great Britain

October 31, 1836 – Death of Heinrich XIX, 3rd Prince Reuss of Greiz in Greiz, Principality of Reuss-Greiz, now in Thuringia, Germany; buried at the Stadtkirche St. Marien, now in Greiz, Thuringia, Germany
Upon the death of his father in 1817, Heinrich XIX succeeded as the 3rd Prince Reuss of Greiz. He married Princess Gasparine of Rohan-Rochefort and they had two daughters. When Heinrich XIX in 1836 at the age of 46, his brother Heinrich XX became the 4th  Prince of Reuss of Greiz because he had no sons.
Unofficial Royalty: Heinrich XIX, 3rd Prince Reuss of Greiz

October 31, 1838 – Birth of King Luís I of Portugal at the Palace of Necessidades in Lisbon, Portugal
Full name: Luís Filipe Maria Fernando Pedro de Alcântara António Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis João Augusto Júlio Valfando
Luis became King of Portugal in 1861 when his elder, childless brother King Pedro V died from typhoid fever. Two other brothers also died from typhoid. In 1862, Luís married Princess Maria Pia of Savoy and the couple had two sons. Luis’ reign saw many advances, both politically and culturally. He oversaw the construction of the port of Lisbon, the extension of the road network and railway throughout Portugal, and the advancement of the arts, founding the Philharmonic Union. Luis King Luís died suddenly at the age of 50.
Unofficial Royalty: King Luis I of Portugal

October 31, 1851 – Birth of Lovisa of Sweden, Queen of Denmark, wife of King Frederik VIII of Denmark, at Stockholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden
Lovisa was the only surviving child of King Carl XV of Sweden and Princess Louise of the Netherlands. She has an interesting royal ancestry. Besides being descended from the Kings of Sweden, Lovisa is also a descendant of Empress Josephine of France via her first marriage, King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, King Willem I of the Netherlands, King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, and King George I of Great Britain. In 1869, she married the future King Frederik VIII of Denmark. They had eight children including King Christian X of Denmark, Prince Carl of Denmark later King Haakon VII of Norway, and Princess Ingeborg of Denmark whose children include Märtha Louise, Crown Princess of Norway, and Astrid, Queen of the Belgians.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Lovisa of Sweden, Queen of Denmark

October 31, 1916 – Birth of Prince Carl Johan of Sweden, Duke of Dalarna, later Count Carl Johan of Wisborg, at the Royal Palace of Stockholm
Full name: Carl Johan Arthur
The youngest surviving child of King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and Margaret of Connaught, Carl Johan was the last of Queen Victoria’s great-grandchildren at the time of his death in 2012. Carl Johan was the uncle of both King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.
Unofficial Royalty: Carl Johan of Sweden, Count of Wisborg

October 31, 1922 – Birth of King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk reigned as King of Cambodia during two periods, 1941 – 1955 and 1993 – 2004. He also served as Prime Minister of Cambodia eight times between 1945 – 1962, Chief of State of Cambodia (1960 – 1970 and in 1993), and as President of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1975 – 1976). Sihanouk became king during French colonial rule in 1941 upon the death of his maternal grandfather King Monivong. He secured Cambodian independence from France in 1953. He abdicated in 1955 and was succeeded by his father, Suramarit, so he could directly participate in politics. A new constitution came into effect in 1993, and Sihanouk was reinstated as the King of Cambodia. Citing his poor health, Sihanouk announced his second abdication in October 2004. From 2009 – 2011, Sihanouk spent most of his time in Beijing, China for treatment of colon cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. On October 15, 2012, Sihanouk died of a heart attack in Beijing, sixteen days before his 90th birthday.
Unofficial Royalty: King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia

October 31, 1934 – Birth of Princess Margaretha of Sweden at the Haga Palace in the Haga Park in Solna Municipality, Sweden
Full name: Margaretha Désirée Victoria
Margaretha is the elder sister of King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden. In 1964, Princess Margaretha and British businessman John Ambler were married at the Gärdslösa Church, on the island of Öland in Sweden. Upon marriage, Margaretha lost her royal style and was styled Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler. The couple settled in England and had three children. Margaretha and her husband separated in 1996 but never divorced. John Ambler suffered from poor health and spent the last ten years of his life in a nursing home in Oxfordshire, England, dying in 2008.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler

October 31, 1939 – Death of Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg at Althausen Castle in Althausen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; buried in the family crypt at the Church of St. Michael, Althausen Castle
Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg was heir presumptive to the throne of Württemberg for just a year before the monarchy was abolished in 1918. Three years later, upon the death of his distant cousin, King Wilhelm II, he became Head of the House of Württemberg and pretender to the former throne.
Unofficial Royalty: Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg

October 31, 1950 – Birth of Princess Nora of Liechtenstein, daughter of Prince Franz Josef II of Liechtenstein, in Zurich, Switzerland
Full name: Norberta Elisabeth Maria Assunta Josefine Georgine et omnes sancti
Nora is the sister of Hans-Adam II, the current Prince of Liechtenstein. In 1988, she married Don Vicente Sartorius y Cabeza de Vaca, the 4th Marquess of Mariño, a former Olympic bobsledder. He passed away in July 2002. The couple had one daughter.  Nora has been very actively involved in both the Liechtenstein and International Olympic organizations. She served as President of the Liechtenstein Olympic Committee from 1982-1992 and has been President of Special Olympics Liechtenstein since 2002. She has also been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1987.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Nora of Liechtenstein

October 31, 2005 – Birth of Infanta Leonor, Princess of Asturias, daughter and heir presumptive of King Felipe VI of Spain, at the Ruber International Clinic in Madrid, Spain
Full name: Leonor de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz
In 2014, King Juan Carlos, Infanta Leonor’s grandfather abdicated the throne in favor of his son, Leonor’s father Felipe.  At the same time, Leonor automatically became Princess of Asturias, a title given to the heir to the Spanish throne. Currently, Spain’s succession law is male-preference cognatic primogeniture. This means that Leonor, as the elder of King Felipe’s two daughters, is first in line to inherit the throne, and she is the heir presumptive. However, if her parents have a son, which seems unlikely now, he would be the heir apparent and Leonor would forfeit the title of Princess of Asturias and the other titles to her brother. There have been discussions of changing the succession law to absolute primogeniture, where the eldest child, regardless of gender, inherits the throne, but no legislation has been forthcoming. If Leonor ascends to the throne, she will be Spain’s first queen regnant since Isabella II, who reigned from 1833 to 1868.
Unofficial Royalty: Infanta Leonor, Princess of Asturias

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