by Susan Flantzer

Royal Arms of England 1198 -1340

No British dynasty has been as successful as the Plantagenets of this time period in passing down the crown.  These Plantagenet kings had to deal with the Second Baron’s War and the Hundred Years’ War.  King Edward I conquered Wales and tried to conquer Scotland.  Parliament and other social institutions developed. A distinctive English culture arose.  Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English literature wrote his Canterbury Tales.  Great cathedrals were built and universities were established.  The Bubonic Plague or Black Death caused great turmoil and killed half of England’s population.  In 1399, the Plantagenet dynasty was split into two cadet branches, the House of Lancaster and the House of York, who later battled for control of the crown in the Wars of the Roses.

House of Plantagenet: 1216 – 1399

Unofficial Royalty: House of Plantagenet Articles
Wikipedia: House of Plantagenet
Unofficial Royalty: Plantagenet Burial Sites

Henry III, reigned 1216 – 1272

Unofficial Royalty: King Henry III of England

Born: 1 October 1207 at Winchester Castle in Hampshire, England
Parents:  John, King of England and Isabella, Countess of Angoulême
Married: Eleanor of Provence, 14 January 1236 at Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, England
Children:

• Edward I (1239–1307), married Eleanor of Castile, had issue
• Margaret of England  (1240–1275), married King Alexander III of Scotland, had issue
• Beatrice of England (1242–1275), married John II, Duke of Brittany, had issue
• Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245–1296), married (1)  Aveline de Forz, no issue  (2)  Blanche of Artois in 1276, had issue
• Katherine of England (25 November 1253 – 3 May 1257), died young

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Died: 16 November 1272 at the Palace of Westminster in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England

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Edward I, reigned 1272 – 1307

Unofficial Royalty: Edward I of England

Born: 17 June 1239 at the Palace of Westminster in London, England
Parents: Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence
Married: (1) Eleanor of Castile, 1 November 1254 at the Monastery of Las Huelgas in Burgos, Spain   (2) Margaret of France, 8 September 1299 at Canterbury Cathedral
Children:

By Eleanor of Castile

• Daughter (May 1255 – 29 May 1255), stillborn or died shortly after birth
• Katherine (before 17 June 1264 – 5 September 1264), died in infancy
• Joan (Summer or January 1265 – before 7 September 1265), died in infancy
• John (13 July 1266 – 3 August 1271), died young
• Henry (6 May 1268 – 14 October 1274), died young
• Eleanor (c. 18 June 1269 – 19 Aug 1298), married Henry III, Count of Bar, had issue
• Juliana (after May 1271 – 5 September 1271), born and died while Edward and Eleanor were in Acre on Crusade
• Joan of Acre (1272 – 23 Apr 1307), married (1) Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford, had issue  (2) Sir Ralph de Monthermer, had issue
• Alphonso, Earl of Chester (24 November 1273 – 19 August 1284), died young
• Margaret (Probably 15 Mar 1275 – After 11 Mar 1333),  married John II of Brabant, had issue
• Berengaria (1 May 1276 – between 7 June 1277 and 1278), died young
• Daughter (December 1277 – January 1278), died in infancy
• Mary of Woodstock (11/12 Mar 1279 – 29 May 1332), Benedictine nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire
• Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (c. 7 Aug 1282 – 5 May 1316), married (1) John I, Count of Holland, no issue   (2) Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, had issue
• Edward II (25 Apr 1284 – 21 Sep 1327), married Isabella of France, had issue

By Margaret of France

• Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – 4 Aug 1338), married (1) Alice Hales, had issue (2) Mary Brewes, no issue
• Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1 Aug 1301 – 19 Mar 1330), married Margaret Wake, had issue
• Eleanor (6 May 1306  -1310), died young

Died: 7 July 1307 in Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England

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Edward II, reigned 1307 -1327

Unofficial Royalty: Edward II of England

Born: 25 April 1284 at Caernarfon Castle, Gwynedd, Wales (was the first English Prince of Wales)
Parents: Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile
Married: Isabella of France, 25 January 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
Children:

• Edward III of England (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), married Philippa of Hainault, had issue
• John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (15 August 1316 – 13 September 1336), unmarried, no issue
• Eleanor of Woodstock (18 June 1318 – 22 April 1355), married Reginald II the Black, Count of Guelders, had issue
• Joan of The Tower (5 July 1321 – 7 September 1362), married David II of Scotland, no issue

Died: (traditionally) 21 September 1327 at (traditionally), Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, England; buried at Gloucester Cathedral in Gloucestershire, England

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Edward III, reigned 1327 – 1377

Unofficial Royalty: Edward III of England

Born: 13 November 1312 at Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England
Parents: Edward II of England and Isabella of France
Married: Philippa of Hainault, 24 January 1328 at York Minster in York, England
Children:

• Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376), married Joan, Countess of Kent, had issue (Richard II of England)
• Isabella (16 June 1332 – 1379), married Enguerrand VII de Coucy, 1st Earl of Bedford, had issue
• Joan (19 December 1333 or 28 January 1334 – 1 July 1348), died of the plague on the way to her wedding in Castile
• William of Hatfield (16 Feb 1337 – after 3 March 1337), died in infancy
• Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (29 November 1338  -7 October 1368), married (1) Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster, had issue  (2) Violante Visconti, no issue
• John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399), married (1) Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, had issue (including Henry IV of England)  (2) Infanta Constance of Castile, had issue   (3) Katherine Swynford (formerly his mistress), had issue
• Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402),  married (1) Infanta Isabella of Castile, had issue  (2) Joan Holland, no issue
• Blanche of the Tower (born and died March 1342)
• Mary of Waltham (10 October 1344 – 1362), married John V, Duke of Brittany, no issue
• Margaret (20 July 1346 – 1361), married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, no issue
• Thomas of Windsor (Summer 1347 – September 1348), died in infancy of the plague
• Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (7 January 1355 – 8/9 September 1397), married Eleanor de Bohun, had issue

Died: 21 June 1377 at Sheen Palace in Richmond, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England

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Richard II, reigned 1377 – 1399

Unofficial Royalty: Richard II of England

Born: 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux, Duchy of Aquitaine
Parents: Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales and Joan, 4th Countess of Kent
Married: (1) Anne of Bohemia, 22 January 1382 at Westminster Abbey, no issue  (2) Isabella of Valois, 31 October 1396 at the Church of St. Nicholas in Calais, France, no issue
Children: None
Died: c. 14 February 1400 at Pontefract Castle in West Yorkshire, England (murdered? starved to death?); buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England