By Susan Flantzer

Coat of Arms of Great Britain from 1714 to 1801 used by King George I, King George II and King George III

House of Hanover: 1714 – 1901

Unofficial Royalty: House of Hanover Articles
Wikipedia: House of Hanover
Unofficial Royalty: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Hanover Weddings
Unofficial Royalty: Hanover Weddings

Queen Anne, the last of the Stuarts, had 17 pregnancies which resulted in only three live births.  In 1700, the last of those three children, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died six days after his eleventh birthday.  Parliament was faced with a succession crisis as it did not want the throne to go to a Roman Catholic.  The 1701 Act of Settlement was passed giving the throne to the Electress Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant descendants.

Who was Sophia of Hanover?  Sophia was a granddaughter of King James I of England and first cousin of King Charles II and King James II.  Born Sophia of the Palatinate, her parents were Elizabeth Stuart, eldest daughter of King James I, and Frederick V, Elector Palatine.  In 1658, Sophia married Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.  In 1692, Ernest Augustus was appointed Prince-Elector by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, but the electorship did not come into effect until 1708 and Ernest Augustus died in 1698.  He was succeeded by his son George Ludwig.

Sophia died on June 8, 1714, at the age of 83.  Her son George Ludwig was now the heir to the British throne.  Queen Anne died on August 1, 1714, which was only 54 days after Sophia died.  The first Hanoverian, King George I, was only 56th in line to the throne according to primogeniture, but the nearest Protestant according to the 1701 Act of Settlement.
Wikipedia: Jacobite line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones in 1714 (reflects the laws before the 1701 Act of Settlement)
Wikipedia: Line of Succession at the Death of Queen Anne in 1714 (reflects the 1701 Act of Settlement)

George I, King of Great Britain and Ireland, reigned 1714 – 1727

Unofficial Royalty: King George I of Great Britain

Born: 28 May 1660 in Hanover (Germany)
Parents: Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and Sophia of the Palatinate
Married: Sophia Dorothea of Celle, 22 November 1682 in Celle (Germany), marriage dissolved 28 December 1684
Children:

• King George II (10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760), married Caroline of Ansbach, had issue
• Sophia Dorothea (26 March 1687 – 28 June 1757), married Frederick William I, King in Prussia, Elector of Brandenburg, had issue

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Died: 11 June 1727 (aged 67) at Schloss Osnabrück in Osnabrück (Germany); buried originally at the chapel of Leine Castle in Hanover, re-interred at the chapel at Herrenhausen in Hanover after World War II.

George II of Great Britain and Ireland, reigned 1727 – 1760

Unofficial Royalty: King George II of Great Britain

Born: 30 October 1683 in Hanover (Germany)
Parents: George I of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle
Married: Caroline of Ansbach, 22 August 1705 at the palace chapel of Herrenhausen in Hanover (Germany)
Children:

• Frederick, Prince of Wales (1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751), married Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenberg, had issue (including King George III)
• Anne, Princess Royal (2 November 1709 – 12 January 1759), married Prince William IV of Orange-Nassau; had issue
• Princess Amelia (10 June 1711 – 31 October 1786), unmarried, no issue
• Princess Caroline (10 June 1713 – 28 December 1757), unmarried, no issue
• Stillborn son (20 November 1716)
• Prince George William (13 November 1717 – 17 February 1718), died in infancy
• Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (26 April 1721 – 31 October 1765), unmarried, no issue
• Princess Mary (5 March 1723 – 14 January 1772), married Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, had issue
• Princess Louise (18 December 1724 – 19 December 1751), married Frederick V, King of Denmark and Norway, had issue

Died: 25 October 1760 (aged 76) at Kensington Palace in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England

 

George III, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, reigned 1760 – 1820

Unofficial Royalty: King George III of the United Kingdom

Born: 4 June 1738 at Norfolk House, St. James’s Square in London, England
Parents: Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenberg
Married: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 7 September 1761 at the Chapel Royal of St. James’ Palace in London, England
Children:

• King George IV (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830), married Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, had issue (Princess Charlotte of Wales who died in childbirth with her son)
• Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827), married Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, no issue
• King William IV (21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837), married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, no legitimate surviving issue
• Charlotte, Princess Royal (29 September 1766 – 6 October 1828), married Frederick, King of Württemberg, no issue
• Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (2 November 1767 – 23 January 1820), married Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, had issue (Queen Victoria)
• Princess Augusta (8 November 1768 – 22 September 1840), unmarried
• Princess Elizabeth (22 May 1770 – 10 January 1840), married Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, no issue
• King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851), married Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, had issue
• Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex (27 January 1773 – 22 April 1843), married twice in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772 (1) Lady Augusta Murray, had issue; marriage declared void (2) 1831, Lady Cecilia Underwood (later 1st Duchess of Inverness), no issue
• Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850), married 1818 Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, had issue
• Princess Mary (25 April 1776 – 30 April 1857), married Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, no issue
• Princess Sophia (3 November 1777 – 27 May 1848), unmarried
• Prince Octavius (23 February 1779 – 3 May 1783), died aged 4 from the effects of a smallpox inoculation
• Prince Alfred (22 September 1780 – 20 August 1782), died aged 23 months died aged 4 from the effects of a smallpox inoculation
• Princess Amelia (7 August 1783 – 2 November 1810), unmarried

Died: 29 January 1820 (aged 81) at Windsor Castle in Windsor, England; buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle

 

George IV, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, reigned 1820 – 1830

Unofficial Royalty: King George IV of the United Kingdom

Born: 12 August 1762 at St. James’s Palace in London, England
Parents: George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Married: Caroline of Brunswick, 8 April 1795 at the Chapel Royal of St. James’s Palace in London, England
Children: Princess Charlotte of Wales (7 January 1796 – 6 November 1817), married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Charlotte died in childbirth along with her son; her widower was the uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and became King Leopold of the Belgians in 1831

Died: 26 June 1830 (aged 67) at Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England; buried at St George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle

William IV, King of the United Kingdom and Ireland, reigned 1830 – 1837

Unofficial Royalty: King William IV of the United Kingdom

Born: 21 August 1765 at Buckingham House (now Buckingham Palace) in London, London, England
Parents: George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Married: Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, 11 July 1818 at Kew Palace in Surrey, England
Children: William had ten illegitimate children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan

By Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen

• Princess Charlotte Augusta Louisa of Clarence (born and died 27 March 1819),  died right after being baptized
• Stillborn child (5 September 1819)
• Princess Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide of Clarence (10 December 1820 – 4 March 1821), died of a strangulated hernia
• Stillborn child (23 April 1822)
• Stillborn twin boys (1824)

Died: 20 June 1837 (aged 71) at Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England; buried at St George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle

 

Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1837 – 1901

Unofficial Royalty: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

Born: 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London, England
Parents: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Married: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, her first cousin, 10 February 1840 at the Chapel Royal of St. James’s Palace in London, England
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Children:

• Victoria, Princess Royal (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901), married Friedrich, Crown Prince of Germany and Prussia later Friedrich III, German Emperor and King of Prussia, had four sons, four daughters (including Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia and Sophie, Queen of Greece)
• King Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910), married Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925), had three sons, three daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway)
• Princess Alice (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878), married Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had two sons, five daughters (including Alexandra, Empress of Russia)
• Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Edinburgh (6 August 1844 – 31 July 1900), married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, had one son, four daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania)
• Princess Helena (25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, had three sons, two daughters
• Princess Louise (18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939), married 1871 John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll, no issue
• Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942),  married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, had 1 son, two daughters (including Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden)
• Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884), married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, one son, one daughter
• Princess Beatrice (14 April – 1857 – 26 October 1944), married Prince Henry of Battenberg, three sons, one daughter (including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)

Died: 22 January 1901 (aged 81) at Osborne House in the Isle of Wight, England; buried at the Royal Mausoleum at Frogmore near Windsor Castle, England